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Nationalism in Germany 20th century
Nationalism in Germany 20th century
Nationalism in Germany 20th century
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Turner argues that the representatives of big business did not support Hitler financially on his rise to power because the fear of a Nazi socialist government. Business representatives used their money and political power to keep a government free of Marxism. They realized their businesses would not thrive when politics totally controlled the economy. Turner says that big business' role in politics where to preserve a nonsocialist government by forming nonsocialist parties, funding nationalist candidates, and by supporting the conservative wing of the Nazi party.
The German population was split in supporters of Nationalism and Socialism. Marxism and socialist government would eliminate competition between businesses and take profits out of the hands of business owners. Because of this, wealthy businessmen who entered politics would back a nationalist party. In an effort to increase the nationalist party's political power, several businessmen formed a single nonsocialist party known as "burgerliche Einheitspartei." Through this party, big businesses could put weighty pressure on politics candidates.
Parties formed on the behalf of big businesses supporters never found a strong voice in politics. Instead of creating their own political power, businesses could influence politicians with their money. Contributions were made to campaigns of nonsocialist candidates in return for policies that would benefit businesses. Some candidates that were receiving contributions were running against Adolph Hitler (Turner 94).
When it appeared inevitable that Hitler was going to come into power, some businessmen became supporters of the Nazi party even though they feared a Nazi socialist nation. The reason businesses would sponsor a socialists party was so that the government could help a company profit as a sort of business insurance if it were to financially contribute to who was in power. Support was given to the conservative wing of the Nazi party because they were more likely to share in the interests of big business representatives rather than the more radical Nazis (Turner 95).
It was apparent that businesses would pay for political power. In an attempt to gain from business' political money, a pamphlet was distributed through out German businesses that explained that businesses should not fear a Nazi government. The pamphlet idea came from a businessman who was a member of the Nazi party (Turner 93).
Big business' influence in politics was aimed at preserve a nonsocialist government by forming nonsocialist parties, funding nationalist candidates and by supporting the conservative wing of the nazi party.
In the late 1800s, Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck used different strategic plans in order to gain as much power possible, the majority of the plans consisted of him taking advantage of the different political parties. Bismarck used many traditional political strategies in order to gain the power he craved for, such as creating harsh laws and prohibiting certain beliefs or ideas. Unfortunately, these strategies did not satisfy the people, so Bismarck later started to increase the welfare of the working class, apologized to the Socialists, and did much more to obtain more political strength which eventually created a new conservatism. In an effort to increase political power for the Kaiser, Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck uses liberal and traditional conservatism strategies to gain power, but he later appeals to the wishes of the working class in addition to his traditional political maneuvers indicating his willingness to create a new conservatism. Bismarck’s government first passed four laws starting reasonably with the abolishment of restrictions on civil rights based on religious beliefs, but later descending to an irrational law stating that social-democratic, Socialist, and communist endeavors are to be prohibited (doc 1).
The class structure is built around four different categories of citizens. The lower class, which is made up of the unskilled and semiskilled workers, made up for one-third of the population. The lower middle class, who were the skilled workers, white-collar workers, farmers, and pensioners, made up another third of the Northeim population. The upper middle class that included the craft masters, civil servants, and businessmen made up a little over a fourth of the population. Finally the upper class, which was made up of businessmen, self-employed, and professionals made up barely four percent of the population. Though there was not much difference in the sizes of three of the classes, there were still large differences in the incomes of these classes. From the class breakdown you could see how the Nazi party could be so successful. With the classes set you then begin to see the emergence of the political parties.
The main political changes that the Nazi Party or the NSDAP endured during the period of November, 1923 until January 1933 was its rise from a small extreme right party to a major political force. It is vitally important that the reasons behind this rise to power also be examined, to explain why the NSDAP was able to rise to the top. However first a perspective on the Nazi party itself is necessary to account for the changing political fortunes of the Nazi Party.
In 1907 it was considered illegal for any corporation to spend money in connection with a federal election. In 1947 it was illegal for labor unions to spend any money in connection with any federal election. And since 1974, it has been illegal for an individual to contribute more than $1,000 to a federal candidate, or more than $20,000 per year to a political party (Campaign Finance). Congress defined this as a way to prevent the influence of a candidate or federal election. The so-called “soft money” which is used to fund candidates’ elections is defined as money which violates the Federal Election Commission’s laws on federal elections. In laments terms a simple loophole was created by the FEC in 1978 through a ruling which allowed corporations to donate large amounts of money to candidates for “Party Building” purposes (Campaign Finance). In reality, the $50,000 to one million dollar donations gives the candidate the power to put on the most extravagant campaign money will buy. This loophole remained almost completely dormant in federal elections until the Dukakis campaign in 1988, then fully emerging in the later Bush campaign, which utilized millions of dollars of soft money(Soft Money). This aggressive soft money campaigning involved the solicitation of corporate and union treasury funds, as well as unlimited contributions from individuals, all of which were classified for “Party Building” purposes. The way the money flows is basically from the corporation or union to the political party which the donator favors. The spending of soft money is usually controlled by the political parties; however it is done in great coordination with the candidate. Aside from unions and corporations special interest groups have been large supporters of soft money. These groups band together for a candidates such as groups for, textiles, tobacco, and liquor. The textile giant Fruit of the Loom, successfully lobbied a campaign which stopped an extension of NAFTA benefits to Caribbean and Central American nations.
The growth of large corporations had impacted American politics by causing governmental corruption because of the power some industries had in society. Since the government had used laissez faire in the late 1800s for the big businesses to...
The government of Nazi Germany greatly resembled the Party, the government in 1984. Both operated similarly and had similar aims. Anything either government did was an action for maintaining power. Both the Nazis and the Party maintained similar ideologies, controlled mass media, educated children in their beliefs, had a secret police force, and had forced labor camps. Both governments used each of these methods maintain power and control over the people.
In order to successfully address this question, one must first consider the definition of the very nebulous term Volksgemeinschaft. It was an expression used to depict the harmonious, classless national community ideal made up of the Herrenvolk, or master race. As a term used polemically by the Nazis to engender a form of "identity politics" and therefore oppose any notion of politics based on universal and objective class interests that it aimed to transcend, it helped them gain collective support from an already economically, psychologically and politically distraught post-war nation. The Volksgemeinschaft ideal was one of the key elements of Nazi ideology and was used to legitimate much of the regime's social policy whilst also providing support for their opposition to liberal individualism and Marxist class antagonism. Although to some extent rather imaginary and mythical, it was the key component to encompass the National Socialist dogma of the party, one which integrated the collective Nationalist spirit with the Socialism of diminished class divisions. It operated as a form of psychological Gleischaltung toward the increasingly totalitarian restructuring of German society in a very radical way that disrupted traditional loyalties between members of the same social class, religion and group organisation towards a more Nazified awareness and consciousness. Every single German was obligated to unite with this community, to embrace and share the common faith. According to Hitler "No one is excepted from the crisis of the Reich. This Volk is but yourselves. There may not be a single person who excludes himself from this obligation." However, the Volksgemeinschaft ideal was flawed, it was duplicitous like much of Nazi policy. Con...
The National Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi party, originated during the 1920s. Formerly, the Nazi Party’s main purpose was to abolish communism. However, ...
The Social Democrats were the leading party during and after the fight to remove the Kaiser from his powerful position. They were greatly influenced by the Elite, the rich Germans they thought essential to the prosperity of Germany. They recruited armed forces, the Freikorps, to aid them in controlling those opposing their ideas and policies. The Social Democrats often associated themselves with the Bolsheviks, one half of the Social Democrats that leaded the Russian Revolution the year before. But when it came down to it, the Social Democrats weren’t in favour of a change in government, and they believed “getting rid of the Kaiser was the end of the revolution” (Lacey and Shephard, 2002, p.13). The fact that there was a revolution wasn’t true, because no groups had actually wielded great power over the rest of Germany, and they hadn’t established any kind of government system. The Kaiser’s abdication, initiated by the Social Democrats, should have started a change, but instead it just made way for their party to gain control.
The people who supported the Nazis and when are various groups between 1919 - 1924. These groups were people of nobility, business and Lutheran in 1927. The Nazi's supported were during the period of turmoil from 1919 - 1924 due to the unstable government and Constitution. The political system as a whole was suffering from inflation starting prior to the Great Depression in 1919 until September 1923. What has caused the financial system to have such turmoil was the abuse from the cabinet members and the enormous confusion over the reparation payments from World War I. There were also uprisings in the North, South and at Ruhr. An attempt for a Kapp Putch by the Freikorps through the SPD. As a result of the Kapp Putch the National Socialist German Workers Party was formed comprised of the middle class. "Nazism was not a monolithic movement, but rather a (mainly German) combination of various ideologies and groups, sparked by anger at the Treaty of Versailles and what was considered to have been a Jewish/Communist conspiracy (known in the vernacular as the Dolchstoßlegende or “Stab-in-the-Back Legend”) to humiliate Germany at the end of the First World War." (Nazism, 2008-2009)
...overy, and return to the prewar economic atmosphere they had been used to. All of these factors together were far too much to expect a very strong, well-organized party with popular support to deal with. Unfortunately, the fact that there was no strong, organized and well-liked party to take control made matters even worse. After years of stagnant policy making, and very little change, it is no wonder the people turned to something new, and something that promised to make things change. It is truly unfortunate for human kind, that this party happened to be the Nazi Party.
This economic state is one of the driving forces behind the successful takeover of the German state by the Nazi party. In Germany there was vast unemployment causing great hunger and despair throughout the country. At this point a charismatic leader entered the scene. He was a man who could make the Germans again feel nationalistic pride and hope in a better future. His name was Adolf Hitler. His message of hope combined with weak and decided left wing parties created the perfect situation for the Nazi party to be elected into office. Another favorable quality of Hitler's Nazi party was that it provided for the country a scapegoat for all problems, the Jewish people.
The President criticized the large corporations for “keeping prices artificially high and failing to increase workers’ purchasing power”(Liberty 863). Franklin D. Roosevelt realized large corporations who gained monopolies were gaining immense influence on matters concerning government and the daily lives of American citizens. The first New Deal reforms were introduced, not to dismantle large industries but to control them in such a manner that they could never challenge the democratic government. Large corporations took advantage of the liberty given to them prior to the crash by exploiting the profits in payoffs or bribes. The businesses gained influence in government by funding election campaigns of tainted politicians who would in return be blinded by the corruption spread by the untouchable corporations to expand their profit margins.
...ism is determined to make that authoritarianism absolute, all-surpassing, consolidating the state as the new steel-like instrument of power.” The German people tolerated these actions because they felt that Hitler and the Nazi party would bring Germany out of economic ruin and back to the forefront of European affairs. Nazi doctrine of militarism, expansionism, and ultra-nationalism appealed to the attitudes and beliefs inherent in the conscience of the German people at the time.
When the Nazi Party first began its rise in Germany, there were many supporters who believed that Hitler’s intentions for the country were both smart and moral. Many groups of people were in support of Hitler because he was able to help Germany in many ways. In terms of finding jobs for people, bettering the economy, and strengthening the military, he was very successful. At this point in time, most of the country was in support of Hitler, but once his ideas of hatred towards certain members of the German population was revealed, many people immediately turned against Hitler and the Nazi party. These groups of people include political parties like the communist and socialist parties, religious groups like the Catholic Church, and a majority of the population in countries surrounding Germany. Although there were individuals “brainwashed,” into believing the Nazi ideas, there were also many courageous groups of people across the country that stood up for those being discriminated against for religion, sexual orientation, race, and disabilities.