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The salem witch trials of c17 america
The origin of superstitions essay
The origin of superstitions essay
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Plants and Superstitions
For many years plants have played a large part in superstitions. Although, they are not so much believed now, as they used to be. They were used to help one's fortune, wealth and fertility. It is amazing that bread was ever eaten; there were so many superstitions about it. It was used to aid in all of these things and many more, It is ironic, however, that the one thing they worshipped and used to keep harm and disease away made them ill and killed some of them. When all of this happened they blamed another superstition, which was witchcraft. "Almost all of the witchcraft misunderstandings were caused by Christianity's persecution of those who refused to abandon pagan beliefs" (Zolar, 1995), but not in the case of the Salem Witch trials.
In 1692 superstitions somehow became the way of thinking. The misuse of it led to the executions of many innocent people in this country. Witchcraft was the crime, for which they were wrongly accused. Fact Net Inc. (see Internet Source) defines superstitions as "Beliefs held despite evidence. They are based on the belief that some people, Plants, animals, stars, words, numbers or special things have magical powers, which contradicts what we know about the world."
A mysterious illness overcame Salem, Massachusetts. Thrashing around, moaning, babbling, and crying made up what were called "convulsive fits," which suddenly occurred in eight girls daily. Hallucinations were also a part of their fits. (see Internet Source). Everyone was terrified. Doctors came to visit, but they did not know much about disease and medicines at that time. One doctor questioned the idea of witchcraft and soon rumors spread that there was a witch in town, or maybe even a group of them we...
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...tific thinking has almost swept away the ignorance of superstitions that once kept people from learning about out world. Like in the case of the Salem Witch trials "When minds are poisoned by the ignorance of superstitions, terrible things happen" (see Internet Source).
Bibliography
Bennett, J.W. 1999. Pride and Prejudice: The story of ergot. Perspective in Biology and Medicine 42 (3): 333-355.
Spanos, Nicholas P. 1983. Ergotism and the Salem witch panic: a critical analysis and an alternative conceptualization. Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 19 (4): 358-369.
Starkey, Marion L. 1949. The Devil in Massachusetts, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 39- 48, 138-158.
Zolar.1995. Encyclopedia of signs, omens and superstitions. Carol Publishing Group, New York. 50-52,380.
Internet Source: http://www.xenu.org/factnet/GEN/FILES/BOOKS/TRUE.TXT
The Salem witch craft trials are the most learned about and notable of Europe's and North America's witch hunts. Its notoriety and fame comes from the horrendous amount of people that were not only involved, but killed in the witch hunt and that it took place in the late 1700's being one of the last of all witch hunts. The witch craft crises blew out of control for several reasons. Firstly, Salem town was facing hard economic times along with disease and famine making it plausible that the only explanation of the town's despoilment was because of witches and the devil. As well, with the stimulation of the idea of witch's from specific constituents of the town and adolescent boredom the idea of causing entertainment among the town was an ever intriguing way of passing time.
The author of this book has proposed an intriguing hypothesis regarding the seventeenth-century witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Laurie Winn Carlson argues that accusations of witchcraft were linked to an epidemic of encephalitis and that it was a specific form of this disease, encephalitis lethargica, that accounts for the symptoms suffered by the afflicted, those who accused their neighbors of bewitching them. Though this interpretation of the Salem episode is fascinating, the book itself is extremely problematic, fraught with historical errors, inconsistencies, contradictions, conjecture, and a very selective use of the evidence.
	During the winter of 1691 and 1692 Salem Village had a mass hysteria over the possibility of witchcraft in their village. The movie shows this was brought on after Reverend Parris discovered some girls dancing in the woods. A black slave known as Tituba supposedly led the rite. Tituba was really American Indian Arawak in history though. Of course the village believed the girls were practicing magic but it may have been a result of the girls eating some moldy wheat. The girls suffered from violent fits.
Most of the accusations were made against innocent people for reasons of economic conditions, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies. Of course there was also the fact that people weren’t aware of the certain mental illnesses caused by their environment. For example the one of the first people to be accused of witchcraft was a young girl named Betty Paris who one day became very ill with convulsive erogtism. Ergot is a fungus that invades growing kernels of rye, so it is very likely that she got sick from simply eating bread. Since people were scientifically unable to explain her sudden seizures and hallucinations she was accused of witchcraft.
Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparison to those in Scotland, France, or Germany (Hall 3). Though the trials in Salem were smaller, people recognize the Salem Witch Trials as one of the worst times in American history (“Witch Madness” 4). The Puritans believed that the Devil was alive in their community (“Witch Madness” 2). The accusations started in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts when young Puritan girls were found using magic. The Salem Witch Trials began when Betty Paris, Abigail Williams, and some of their friends began to act strange with odd fits (Hall 1). Because many mental and emotional disorders were not understood, the people of Salem believed it was the work of witchcraft. When sickness or even misfortune came, the most
The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the people surrounding the events. Although religious beliefs were the most influential factor, socioeconomic tensions, and ergot poisoning are also strongly supported theories. A combination of motives seems the most rational explanation of the frenzy that followed the illness of the two girls. This paper looks closely at the some of the possible causes of one of the most notable occurrences in history.
In 1692, the occurrence of “witchcraft” began after the Massachusetts Bay Charter revolution and the outbreak of small pox. The rebellion caused hysteria and a sad injustice. Friends were pinned against friends; upstanding citizens were forced to flee for their lives and men and women were put to death (Jurist Legal News and Research Services 2008).The fear of the devil influenced the cruelty that took place. Most of the settlers that established their homes in the colony were puritans, a member of a group of English Protestants who revolted against the Church of England. The belief that God punished sinful behavior with misfortune did not help circumstances. The puritans targeted outcasts, people who never really fit it in; they wanted to rid the towns of these suspected sinners.
Witchcraft was as a capital crime in seventeenth-century New England. A hysteria over it was caused by a group of girls. (Kent 95). Witchcraft was considered a terrible crime throughout Europe; its punishment was death by hanging or burning. (Dolan 8). Everyone in the village of Salem believed in witchcraft, and only a few have tried to use it. (Kent 18). In 1692, Salem Village hysteria was a major event in United States history, which will never be forgotten. The people of Salem were caught up in a hysteria of accusing many innocent woman of witchcraft, even though it started as just a couple young girls who had acted strangely.
(A)J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, displays the mentality of a teen who struggles to deal with the idea of growing up. (B)Holden, the central figure of the narrative, views growing up as falling into the superficiality of society and strives to prevent children from maturing. (C)The name Holden Caulfield is representative of his wish to be a savior for children who are going through adolescence and to prevent their innocence from being corrupt by a society enclosed in lies but realizes that it is futile and that it could actually cause harm and be a barrier for development.
The works of J.D. Salinger's Catcher and the Rye has resonated inside society for generations. Throughout the novel, Holden–a teenager who is spiraling towards a mental breakdown–experiences difficulties growing up. After the loss of his brother and the expulsion from his school, he starts to form his own opinions on the adult world. Throughout Holden’s experiences, his mind becomes more and more tainted as he his innocence slowly leaves him. He idolizes other people who have not yet been through what he has. Salinger uses symbolism to demonstrate how Holden despises the loss of innocence in growing up.
Holden is afraid of change and believes that everything should stay the same. He explains how he wants to preserve everything when he states, "Certain things they should stay the way they are. You ought to be able to stick them in one of those big glass cases and just leave them alone. I know that's impossible, but it's too bad anyway" (122). Holden is stuck in the mindset that everything is good the way it is and the thought of anything changing to him seems unworldly and that he should just preserve everything so nothing ever changes. He is also frozen and stuck in transitioning to adulthood, when all of the people around his age are accepting adulthood he still has the mindset that he will stay young. Holden asks a cab driver about the duck in the pond and says, “You know those ducks in the lagoon right near Central Park South? That little lake? By any chance, do you happen to know where they go, the ducks, when it gets all frozen over? Do you happen to know by any chance?”(60). Holden is a representation of the pond, while the ducks go and fly away while the weather changes Holden is stuck there. He favors childhood over adulthood most of the time and finds that the innocence of youth should be
One of the most challenging times during a person’s life is by far being a young adolescent. Teenagers today face so many changes both physical and physiological. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the main character, and the narrator, Holden Caulfield, a young teenage boy in the 1950’s, faces many difficulties with not only the world around him, but also within himself. As a troubled 16 year old, Holden Caulfield, is having a very difficult time accepting that he is becoming an adult and still wanting to stay an adolescent. Throughout the entire book, Caulfield struggles with understanding the world around him. He protects himself from the world by being judgmental to everyone around him while feeling safe in the fantasy world he created for himself.
Tom Stoppard once said, “If you carry your childhood with you, you never become older.” Childhood is hard to let go of and becoming a mature adult is also challenging. But dwelling in the past does not make growing up easier. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield, the main narrator of the book, has issues with childhood and adulthood. He shows these issues by telling readers his thoughts and memories from the past. He makes it clear throughout the book that he does not want change. Holden is stuck between entering the adult world and staying with being a child that he has been for so long.
In The Catcher in the Rye, we get a first-hand look at Holden's exact thoughts and emotions. The superficiality, falseness, and phoniness of the adult world, his fondness, and affection for his sister Phoebe, and his curiosity, and fascination with ducks in a pondall come into play about his character. Holden's mentality about the adult world secretly scares him causing him to be afraid to move on and mature. He believes that “Certain things they should just stay the way they are” (Salinger 122). If he could just stay the same he would be content. JD Salinger uses many symbols throughout the novel that reveal Holden’s personality and disposition towards his transition into adulthood- his fear of change and growing up. (P9)
It takes a lot of courage to grow up. At a young age, adolescence seems like it is full of endless opportunities. In reality, growing up is much different than what childhood implies. Taking on new responsibilities and facing new challenges are all part of transitioning from being a child to an adult. As Peter Pan once mentioned, “I’ll never grow up, I’ll never grow up!” Set on the same mindset as this children’s character, Holden also fears growing up and facing reality. He is threatened by taking on new responsibilities and is not ready to face new hardships ahead. Holden is fixated on the idea that childhood lasts forever, and is wedged between staying a child and being an adult. In Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger uses symbolism in order