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Robotics medical field
Robotics in the medical field
Robotics in the medical field
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Planet Cyborg
Since the beginning of civilization, the concept of a super-human has fascinated our species. Whether imagined as a semi-god, super-hero, or monster, the vision of some superior yet human-like being never seems to die out through time. An equal, if not more of a plausibility than artificial intelligence is the emergence of a sub-species of humans enhanced with artificial or computerized limbs, organs, and capabilities. Fundamentally, however, an increase in cyborg technology will alter our conception of intellgence just as much as the achievement of A.I.
The term cyborg originated in 1960 as a combination of “cybernetic” and “organism,” coined by NASA scientist Manfred Clynes as he envisioned the modification of humans to be more space-compatible.[1] Since then, the term has been tossed around from the media to science-fiction authors as a general reference toward human-machine integrations. As alien as these concepts still seem, a great deal of cybernetic technology has undergone implementation in today’s society—beginning with the basic bionic building blocks of artificial limbs and organs.
The earliest reports of attempts at life-like prosthetics come from 1504, with an account of a clumsy but functional iron hand with flexible joints.[2] Modern bionic limbs are not a far cry from the naturalness of the artificial hand that wowed the audiences of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back over two decades ago. With today’s technology, prosthetics are more than mere stand-ins for limbs and organs, but can, through complex wiring systems, undertake the actual functions of the missing parts by responding to electro-chemical signals sent from the brain.
The Dobelle Instit...
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...eck Muscle.”Chemistry and Industry (20 May 2002): 7.
Gray, Chris Hables. Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge, 2001.
“Historical Highlights in Bionics and Related Medicine.” Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1003.
Towner, Natalie. “Cyborg.” Computer Weekly (29 August 2002): 31. Expanded Academic ASAP.
Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. Accessed 10 November 2002.
Underhill, William. “Merging Man and Machine.” Newsweek (14 October 2002): 38Z.
University of Reading Department of Cybernetics. “Professor Kevin Warwick.” Available from
http://www.cyber.rdg.ac.uk/people/K.Warwick.htm. Accessed 10 November 2002.
Vogel, Gretchen. “Part Man, Part Computer: Researcher Tests the Limits.” Science, 295 (8
February 2002): 1020.
Warwick, Kevin. “Budding Cyborg.” New Scientist, 173 (30 March 2002): 19.
Goldman, Peter. The Death and Life of Malcolm X. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979.
Organisms are limited by the structure of their bodies. Some creatures are capable to do great things because of the number of limbs they have, or the density of their skin. Humans in particular are extremely reliant in the capabilities that our bodies bring to us. Our bodies however, are not all dependable, as we can injure ourselves, and even lose parts of our body. To combat this loss of body, the great minds of our species have created false limbs to replace what we have lost. This great improvement to our lives is known as, the prosthetic. In recent years this technology has expanded into a new form, that combines prosthetics and robotics to make life for people
Hoyt, Charles Alva. “The Five Faces of Malcolm X.” Negro American Literature Forum 4 (1970): 107-112.
Daugherty, Paul. "College athletes already have advantages and shouldn't be paid." Sports Illustrated. Sports Illustrated, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/paul_daugherty/01/20/no.pay/
Peter, G. (2013). THE DEATH AND LIFE OF MALCOLM X. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Clarke, J. H. (1990). Malcolm X:The Man and His Times. Trenton, NJ: African World Press. .
Donna Haraway’s 1984 “A Cyborg Manifesto” is an enduring essay unceasingly analyzed, critiqued, and adored by scholars and students. The piece, in which Haraway uses the cyborg as a metaphor to scrutinize hegemonic problems and refuse the binary, claims that “the boundary between science fiction and social reality is an optical illusion.” In other words, like the cyborg who cannot distinguish whether it is a machine or an organism, in society there is no difference between male and female; rich and poor; black and white. There is only gray, and there are countless shades of it. “A Cyborg Manifesto” is an influential essay that has been relevant to the past and is still relevant to the present. Hence, it is no surprise that it has inspired
Rochman, Hazel. "The Story of Malcolm X: Civil Rights Leader." Booklist, no. 12, 1994, p.
The matter of serial murderers for many, many years have been dealt with by law enforcement officials. (Hickey, 2005, 6). However, the evolutionary concept of serial homicide is difficult to reconstruct with any degree of specification. The study of serial homicide, in particular of their victims is not fully elaborated in academic work. Although no one can agree with one single identifiable cause or factor that leads to the development of serial murderers, a partial answer can lie in the development of the individual from birth to adulthood, as there are a multitude of factors contributing to their development. As such, knowing the how, the why of serial murderers’ victim selection
Keeney, Belea T. and Kathleen M. Heide. 1995. “Serial Murder: A More Accurate and Inclusive
As a final point, the following points are the sum up of what and why I am not in favor with the Common Core:
From the first imaginative thought to manipulate nature to the development of complex astronomical concepts of space exploration, man continues to this day to innovate and invent products or methods that improve and enhance humankind. Though it has taken 150 million years to reach the present day, the intellectual journey was not gradual in a linear sense. If one were to plot significant events occurring throughout human existence, Mankind’s ability to construct new ideas follows a logarithmic path, and is rapidly approaching an asymptote, or technological singularity. This singularity event has scientists both supporting and rejecting the concept of an imaginative plateau; the largest topic discussed is Artificial Intelligence (A.I.). When this technological singularity is reached, it is hypothesized that man’s greatest creation, an artificial sapient being, will supersede human brain capacity.
A.I. Artificial Intelligence is a Steven Spielberg science fiction drama film, which tells the story of a younger generation robot, David, who yearns for his human mother’s love. David’s character stimulates the mind-body question. What is the connection between our “minds” and our bodies? It is apparent that we are personified entities, but also, that we embrace “more” than just our bodies. “Human persons are physical, embodied beings and an important feature of God’s intended design for human life” (Cortez, 70).
What does it mean to be a cyborg? A cyborg is a being that is both organic and inorganic. Cyborg embodiment can refer to anything that uses technology or biological changes a being. Referring to humans, it is the use of technology for which it enhances or improves one’s normal functions. This term “cyborg” was created by Manfred Clynes and it is a combination of the two words cybernetic and organism . When most people hear the term cyborg the first thing that comes to mind is part robot and part human. This is true in a way, but there is more to it than just artificial enhancements. In society majority of our elders and even younger people use this thing we call medicine in their day to day lives. Each type of medicine has different effects on the body and the user taking it. But by taking these types of body altering substances are we making a cyborg out of ourselves? The reason why drugs or medicine is not considered a way of cyborgification is because it fits into our social standards. It is normal to just pop a pill when you feel sick, but we actually do not realize how it changes our bodies. Being a cyborg is more than just having artificial mechanical parts; you can consider medicine and the use of any other drug as a way of becoming part cyborg. The use of medicine is scientifically engineered, in which it treats diseases and aids in enhancements. We use technology to change our biology, in which we enhance our mental and physical capabilities. People may think that a “cyborg” is something of a physical ap...
Prosthetic limbs, one of the examples of physical enhancement, have improved to such an extent that the capabilities and...