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Lab report on isopods
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Title: Pillbugs response to danger.
Introduction: In this lab we are testing if pillbugs will ball up the more they are in danger.
Background Information: Pillbugs are terrestrial Isopods which belong to the Class Crustacea. Appearance: flattened or rounded back, seven pairs of legs, sharp – angled antennae. Pillbugs have a set of overlapping gills on their underside. There are 12 different species of pillbugs found in the northern and central United States. However, there are nearly 4000 described species of pillbugs. They are fund in humid areas, compost piles, and leaf litter. They feed on dead vegetation such as wood and leaf litter. They cannot survive below -6.0 C, so they burrow 60 cm below the ground surface to reach safe temperatures. They reproduce during the months of May through September. If the pillbugs are irritated they will frequently exude a thick glue which serves to entangle predators, such as ground beetles, centipedes, and spiders.
Problem Statement: What happens if pillbugs are disturbed and in danger?
Hypothesis: If pillbugs ball up when disturbed, then the more often they are disturbed the more they will ball up.
Materials:
Forceps
10 pillbugs total
2 petri dishes
Timer
Investigation Plan:
1. Obtain 10 pillbugs.
2. Put 5 pillbugs in the first
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Then they would gradually slow down until reaching a complete stop. They constantly clumped together and tried to climb out of the petri dishes. Periodically, the pillbugs would fall on their backs and struggle to get back on their legs. Some of the pillbugs were small and some were big.
Data Analysis:
Time
(mins) 1st petri dish observation Time
(mins) 2nd petri dish observation
0 3 balled up
Piling on top of each other 0 1 balled up
Pooping
5 2 balled up
Some clear liquid 10 2 balled up
Fighting with each other
10 4 balled up 20 2 balled up
15 5 balled up
Lots of clear liquid produced
20 3 balled
Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) were the ectotherms used to compare standard metabolic rates and mass specific metabolic rates between organisms. To calculate metabolic rates for these individuals a system comprised of many parts was needed. A gas pump was needed to deliver airflow into the system. This gas pump was connected to a flow meter that could detect the flow rate of the gas passing through. The air would then flow into a Ascarite Column that would scrub out the CO2 from the system before the animal chamber was reached so that no CO2 that was not emitted by the animal would be collected. Then the Madagascar hissing cockroach would be in the animal chamber connected to the Ascarite Column and it would
We observed Sowbugs in multiple environments to determine which environment they preferred. The observational chamber was a rectangle box split equally in half. One side of this rectangle was filled with dry sand that had been heated for five minutes by a lamp, and the other side was filled with damp soil that did not receive the lamp heat. We placed each sowbug on the middle boarder of the cool, damp soil and the hot, dry sand. We each chose one sowbug to track, and made a record of its placement each minute for five minutes total. We repeated this process three times. After each repetition, we removed the sowbugs, and replaced them with new sowbugs to observe. After this observation, we shared, and recorded our results. The sowbugs spent
5. You will be using this tutorial to help you find references for the experiment and laboratory report you will be working on during lab on pill/sow bugs (see Lab 2 Activity Two in the lab manual). List 4 specific keywords you will use when searching for literature relevant to your pill bug experiment. You should not list “Boolean” operators as keywords. Note that you often will find relevant and very useful literature with related species (not just pill/sow bugs!) (2
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Sure, you can imagine a crab sitting on the bottom of the ocean, but if you came across a pill bug you probably wouldn't scream, 'Check out that crustacean!', but pill bugs are crustaceans that live on land! There are too many groups to mention here, so let's just highlight a few, starting with Copepods, which are extremely small crustaceans. There are over 13,000 species that are considered Copepods. Some inhabit freshwater, some live in saltwater, others live in moss and some are even parasitic. The Copepod's claim to fame is probably their importance in the food
The confused flour beetle, Tribolium Confusum is an organism that is approximately 4.35mm in body length and is made up of three sections, the prognathous head, rounded abdomen and a straight sided thorax, which are flat, shiny, elongated and rigid, reddish brown (Stuart M Bennett 2003). This beetle consists of two segmented antennas at the front of its body along with two small dark colored notched eyes, separated by more than three eye diameters, which allow the beetle to identify small disturbances and escape from predator (Stuart M Bennett 2003). The antenna’s consists of segments that grow from the bottom all the way till the tip, forming a club of four segments and are used to help Tribolium Confusum in sensing its surroundings (Stuart M Bennett 2003). This confused beetle has six legs; three separated equally on each side of the body, which allow it to easily maneuver through grain products. The forelegs are there for traction and the middle and hind legs are for propulsion (A Sokoloff 1972). Tribolium Confusum has well developed wings hidden under its elytra but has never been seen flying (Anon 2009). Its forewings are rigid and hind wings are membranous and folded (S.S Lal 2009).
The use of planes for the spraying of insecticides has increased. The gypsy moth came in to the United States unplanned and the first thing that was done was that they tried to spray insecticides. The result was that more moths came back after the spraying. The alternate used to kill off the moths was to bring in parasites and it worked. Another incident in Long Island occurred with the same type of moths and they sprayed the insecticides that killed livestock and affected bodies of water. People became outraged since companies kept using these chemicals to try and get rid of the moths. Many animals were harmed throughout the entire process.
Sowbugs are commonly found in damp and decaying leaf litter, under rocks, wood, and in basements (Aune et al. 2015.). We conducted an experiement involving ten sowbugs and their varying responses to light intensities. We used an arena to have one fully lit side while still covering up the other side with two different materials. The oberservations we took showed a correlation between varying light intensities and the sowbugs movement. The results supported our hyopthesis that based on their biology, sowbugs will respond differently to varying light intensities.
The class insect has the same body structures and functions. They have a segmented body divided into three parts, head, abdomen and thorax. They also have an antenna, segmented legs, and wings. The functions of the body parts, however differ from the different orders of insects. For instance the mouth parts for an adult ladybird beetle is chewing, but on a Hemiptera the mouth form is a beak called the stylets as is the case with an aphid. Palps are on the ends of beetle’s mouth and are used for picking up and holding food while eating. The only visible top part of the thorax on a ladybird beetle is the pronotum, while on other insect such as Hemipteras the pronotum is a triangular shape and is then called the scutellum. Typical beetles have two sets of wings, the front set called elytra, which
Forensic entomology is the study of insects and arthropods and their relation to a criminal investigation. Forensic entomology can determine the postmortem interval (PMI) or how long since the descendants’ death, whether the body has been moved since expiring, and what injuries may have been sustained (Ryan, 2011). When decomposition begins, insects establish a colony to lay eggs on the remains; these eggs will hatch into larvae that will eat the human organs and tissues. Forensic entomologists can determine the specific insects present in the body and estimate how long a body has been left exposed by examining the stage of development of the fly larvae; however, these findings are not always plausible. The fly larvae look and act different at each stage of development. The time required for stage development is not only affected by environmental influences such as geographical location, climate, and weather conditions, but also by type of insect. The forensic entomologist must consider these conditions when estimating the postmortem interval. Knowledge of insects, their life cycles, and their habits make entomological evidence a priceless tool for an investigation. Forensic entomology has proved its significance in a number of cases; though circumstances such as weather, temperature, and time of year clearly affect the development of insect infestation, and the expert must keep these in the forefront of his/her mind (Innes, 2000).
And in the article it said that a lot of bugs are poisoned so you better git the not poison one. Every one thinks that they are little monster but I think that they are cool because they can scare other people like when you catch them
Jane goes to work everyday at an animal-testing lab. She pours liquids used in eyeliner into the eyes of numerous albino rabbits. The rabbits' eyes are held open with clips so that for the 72 hour test period, the rabbits can't even blink. The rabbits' bodies are in a box so that only their head protrudes. Jane watches the rabbits and records how the rabbits’ eyes react. She observes as the rabbits’ eyes bleed intensely. Some eyes become extremely deteriorated, and some rabbits even become blind due to the toxicity of the liquid being tested. As she walks down the line writing down what each rabbit's reaction is, Jane notices many rabbits have broken their own necks trying to escape the horrendous pain ("Product...").
The life of a ladybug begins with the female laying 10-50 internally fertilized eggs in masses which then hatch into six (6) legged larvae. Just a few weeks after the egg hatches into larvae, they will feed on aphids and mites on the carefully placed leaf by their mother. Much like butterflies, the ladybug also goes through a pupa stage. After a few weeks of eating and molting, they begin the metamorphis state. In just a few short days, the sack will split open and a full-grown ladybug will emer...
The purpose of this experiment was to see to what extent the amount of light exposed to the caterpillars affect its survival rate.
Fleas are very small insects. They are all flightless and do not have eyes, although two ocelli may be present. Their antennaes are short and their mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking. The female flea lays a few eggs daily that total up to 300 to 400 in its lifetime. The eggs are laid usually on animals and most drop off where they spend most of their time. Bedding, floor crevices, carpeting, along baseboards and areas near their favorite sleeping and napping sites are especially likely places where eggs will be found. These eggs hatch into larvae, which are baby fleas. The larvae spin a cocoon and, depending on environmental conditions, emerge as adults in as few as five days. The adult fleas then mate after a blood meal and then lay eggs. The life cycle is then repeated--until control measures break the cycle. The total life cycle can last from 25 days to several months. The bodies of both adults and young fleas have many backward pointing hairs and powerful leg muscles. Fleas can jump 80 times their own height and 150 times their body length. Fleas have many mites and parasites and can have up to 150 living in them at one time.