Insect Lab Report The class insect has the same body structures and functions. They have a segmented body divided into three parts, head, abdomen and thorax. They also have an antenna, segmented legs, and wings. The functions of the body parts, however differ from the different orders of insects. For instance the mouth parts for an adult ladybird beetle is chewing, but on a Hemiptera the mouth form is a beak called the stylets as is the case with an aphid. Palps are on the ends of beetle’s mouth and are used for picking up and holding food while eating. The only visible top part of the thorax on a ladybird beetle is the pronotum, while on other insect such as Hemipteras the pronotum is a triangular shape and is then called the scutellum. Typical beetles have two sets of wings, the front set called elytra, which …show more content…
covers and protects, while the hindwings and are used during flight. Insect also have jointed legs these legs are divided into 5 sections, the coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. On the insect’s head they have antennas, these come in different sizes and shapes some are short, clubbed, or they are hidden. Lady bird beetle-Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Coccinellidae Aphid-Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Family: Aphididae Lady bird beetles have complete metamorphosis. Ladybird beetles start off by laying their eggs on leaves in clusters during the summer by secreting a glue substance from the females and develop into adult beetles within a month. During the metamorphosis process, they undergo 5 juvenile stages, 1st instar or the first larval stage, where they feed on aphids and other soft bodied insects they feed until they grow too big for their cuticle at which point hey shed they do this for four instars then begin to pupate before finishing off as an adult. Lady bird beetles can either be predatory or plant feeders, predatory lady bird beetles will feed off of soft bodied insect while others feed on plants. These beetles unlike some beetles will make short migrations into warmer climates and spend the winter hibernating in a large group underground or in wood. To avoid being eaten by predators such as parasitic wasps, flies and ants, lady bird beetles secrete blood, which contains toxic chemicals from crevasses in their legs and other body parts, this process is called reflex bleeding. While the larvae has a white tuft secreted from the pores of the skin to help protect the larvae. Most ladybird beetles are beneficial and encouraged to have, some such as the Mexican bean beetle, squash lady, Asian lady, are pests. Aphids reproduce many times during a given year throughout the summer months aphids will reproduce asexually through parthenogenesis.
The aphids are born alive but surrounded in a capsule that acts as an egg. Most aphids are born female except during the winter when during the winter aphids will produce a male and female usually around October, these two will reproduce sexually and lay eggs. The eggs are capable of withstanding the winter and are laid on plants usually perennials that do not die during the winter. Aphids go through nymph to adults in about 7 days and four molts. Each adult can have about 80 offspring in a week. This rapid growth and multiple offspring make the aphid and invasive species which can cause great damage in a short amount of time. Aphids feed using a slender tube with two sharp stylets encase in a labium that runs horizontally along the thorax. When feeding this structure is used to break through epidermis of the plants into the vascular bundle and a toxin is injected in order to begin digestion and extract the cytoplasm and sap. For protection in a mutual benefit the aphid secretes a sweet feces, honeydew, in which ants
eat. Lady bird beetles are encouraged to have in the gardens and crops. Ladybird beetles are available for purchase in order to decrease the number of pests in the crops and gardens. Ladybird beetles feed off of soft bodied insects such as caterpillars, scales and aphids. Lady bird beetles feed on theses insects throughout their life cycle and are capable of eating up to 25000 aphids in a life span. However some are considered pest such as the Mexican bean beetle, Asian lady, and squash, lady these beetles grow at a fast rate and over winter in homes. These beetles will also eat other lady bird beetles and are known for decreasing the amount of native ladybird beetles in a certain area. Some plant feeding lady bird beetles will damage plants, by eating. Aphids feed off of plants, small numbers of aphids do not cause much damage to plants. However, in large numbers, they secret feces called honeydew that turns black and promotes mold growth. Aphids are also able to inject a toxin into the plant in order to extract the plants sap, this will distort the growth of the plant and cause damage to leaves by stealing nutrients from the developing leaves. Aphids from feeding on plant to plant may cause transitions of viruses from plant to plant. While most aphids feed on the shoots and leaves of the plants, some species feed off of the roots which cause the plants to die or stunts the growth of the plants. This cause the plant to not be able to intake nutrients and cause the plant to wilt or die. Aphids are hard to control when there is a virus present because a few aphids can spread the virus quickly, however large numbers are required before the aphid population will significantly damage plants by secreting feces and injecting their toxin. To control aphid systemic insecticides are used they are absorbed by the plant and do not cause damage to the plant but kill the aphids because the aphids feed inside the plant. For this fact insecticides that are sprayed directly on to the plant are useless in controlling aphids. Other ways include purchase lady bird beetle’s one of aphid natural predators to eat the aphids.
Variation in selection pressures on the goldenrod gall fly and the competitive interactions of its natural enemies
..., Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, Available from Journal of Insect Physiology. (46 (2000) 655–661)Retrieved from http://www.units.muohio.edu/cryolab/publications/documents/IrwinLee00.pdf
To conduct the experiment, the beetles were massed, then attached to a petri dish with a 30 centimeter piece of dental floss. The beetle’s mass was the independent variable. Afterwards, the floss was tied to the beetle’s midsection with a slip knot. Then, the beetle was placed on a piece of fabric with the petri dish attached to it. As soon as the beetle was able to move with one paperclip inside the petri dish, more were added, one by one, until it could not move any further. After the beetle could not pull any more, the paperclips were massed and the results were recorded. The dependent variable was the mass that the beetles could pull. No control group was included in this experiment.
Planarians are free-living, carnivorous flatworms found in the Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria. Although the Phylum Platyhelminthes is known for having the animals with the most parasitic species, the class Turbellaria which consist of the Planaria, are a non-parasitic species. Platyhelminthes which translates to "flat worm" are triploblastic animals. This means that they have three tissue layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Planaria also are monoecious organisms, meaning that they have both female and male sex organs in one organism. Another characteristic of the Planaria is that they do not have a true body cavity, meaning that they are acoelomate organisms.
The objective of this experiment is to determine what genes are responsible for the white-eye color in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the common fruit fly. Drosophila is used as the experimental organism for many reasons which include its small size, easy maintenance, short 10 day generation time, and a fully sequenced genome. The characteristics of the wild type, which is the most common phenotype found in nature, include brick red eyes, long wings, gray/tan body, and smooth bristles. Of course, there are mutations that occur that cause specific traits to deviate from the wild-type phenotype. These traits include wing length, bristle shape, body color, and eye color.
The purpose of the experiment is to determine the ID of an unknown diprotic acid by establishing its pKa values. The first phase is to determine the unknown diprotic acid by titration, which is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the molecular weight. While the second phase involved seeing how much NaOH needed to standardize diprotic acid.
The focus of this lab on planaria regeneration and development. Having been taught the gradient of morphogen and there were many experiments testing this possible phenomenon of regrowth. In a planarian there is a single adult stem cell type called the neoblast. Neoblast are abundantly present throughout the body and it divides continuously. This neoblast has the ability to regenerate different cell and organ types in the planarian, from the brain, digestive system, the sensory system to even the reproductive system. With this continuous stream of continuous division of cells it allows the cells of the planarian to be rapid in self-renewal of the entire
As useful as their tongue is for collecting nectar it is useless in capturing insects hidden inside flowers, even though insects do provide most of the protein...
“A segment is a set of buyers who share common needs or characteristics”(Marketing by Tony Gray (2000))
Summary House-flies are known to carry easily transmitted diseases. Home owners have many options to keep flies out of their homes but many are unsustainable such as insecticides or fly paper. Fly screens have been identified as the best solution to keep flies out of the home because they have a small local environmental footprint and are also cheap to manufacture. Researchers in 1964 at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ran experiments to conclude that mesh of 2.17 ± 0.09 mm should be selected over mesh of 1.16 ± 0.05 mm as it not only keeps out flies but also has less ventilation and light obstruction of around 20% rather than 36%. Introduction
Most of the species from habitat one are Diptera. There was a total of thirteen Diptera’s in habitat one. Cup one had the least amount of individual species with four. Habitat two had more individual species than habitat one. There was a total of seventy-nine species from habitat two. Like in habitat one most of of the arthropods from habitat two were Diptera. The was a total of eighteen Diptera’s in habitat two. Cup six had most of the Diptera’s with thirteen. Orthoptera was second in the number of individuals with sixteen. Orthoporea’s are crickets and
Observations began with a couple of beetles that were captured and put into a tubbawear bowl. The beetles began instantly to try and escape. While the beetles tried to figure out a way to escape the plastic bowl one of the beetles flipped over on it back. As the beetle began its struggle to find a way to flip itself back over to where it would be right side up again, it wiggled and used it legs to try and do so. Although, not matter how hard the beetle tried it could not regain its up right position. The problem was that the beetle’s legs were not long enough and the flexibility of its back just was not there to help rescue itself from the predicament it was in.
There are nearly one million species of insects known. Insects are defined by having six legs and a body divided into three segments: head, thorax, and abdomen. Chitin is an organic material that makes up an insects exoskeleton. There are three life cycles of insects, ametabolous or incomplete and paurometabolous or gradual, and homotabolous or complete metamorphosis. These life cycles are important in the aging of insects for aiding in legal investigations, (Houck and Siegel. Entomology).
Well in the spring all the males and young winged queens leave their nest and fly high in the air and mate. The few ant queens that survive this “marriage flight” cast off their wings and instinctively begin to look for a spot to start a new ant colony. After making a nest, the young queen ant seals off the entrance and begins to lay eggs. Some of the first batch are eaten by the queen for nourishment. When the surviving eggs hatch, they become like larvae. After a few weeks each larva spins a cocoon around itself and pupates.
Insect, small, air-breathing animal characterized by a segmented body with three main parts—head, thorax, and abdomen. In their adult forms, insects typically have three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and in most instances, two pairs of wings. Insects rank among the most successful animals on Earth. About one million species of insects have been identified so far, which is about half of all the animals known to science. That is why for every pound of human on the earth there are 10 pounds of insects. So that is why there are many reasons why insects are so successful, their exoskeleton, their size, their body function, the way they reproduce, and their development of metamorphosis.