Phrases are words or group of words within sentence that can discriminate by their type and function. I will explain 3 parts of phrase including their definition, their types and how to discriminate them both in old type (emphasize on grammar structure) and new type (emphasize on easy to remember).
I will start with the definition of phrases. According to Whitesmoke (2002) Phrases is the group of words that have no both subject and predicate; it also couldn’t stand alone as a clause or a sentence. It means that they must have more than 1 word to be phrase, they also have their own meaning but they can’t stand alone (lack of subject or verb or the passive) as a sentence because of their lack of full meaning. For example: some black cats (lack of subject)/ the girl that I love (noun phrase). However, there is an argument that only a single word can also be phrase too. TutorMax (2011) explains that only a single word can also be phrase. For example: They/ Jack/ I (can also be noun phrase). In my opinion, I agree with TutorMax because a single word also has its own meaning and can be phrase too.
Next, I will talk about types of phrase and how can you discriminate them. The types of phrase have been discriminated into 2 main types, the old type that discriminate the structure, and the new type which discriminate the word type. I will start with the old type which I use to learn from high-school. This type is harder than the new one and can make many students confusing. According to Simmons (1997) to identify types of phrase, we need to know the types of phrase and its grammatical rule and structure clearly. There are 5 types of phrase including Gerund Phrase that will begin with –ing word and always function as noun. They can wo...
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..., verb, adverb, adjective and preposition. For example, to identify noun phrase, you only have to look for noun (I, He, Tommy) and to identify verb phrase, only look for verb (run, swim, watching, jump). If you want to identify which type, you just look for that word type in that sentence. If you have a good knowledge at basic word type in path of speech, you can also use them to identify the phrase too. We can call it “Two birds, one stone” for this new type.
In conclusion, Phrase has the conflict in itself. We can see that both of their definition and type are different, the old type that stick to structure rule; and the new type that easy to remember. However, if we need to choose, I recommend new one because it easy for student to learn and remember. I’m sure that “More easy to learn, more easy to love”. We better improve and walk forward to the better future.
In the book Metaphors We Live By, authors George Lakoff and Mark Johnson address the traditional philosophic view denouncing metaphor's influence on our world and our selves (ix). Using linguistic and sociological evidence, Lakoff and Johnson claim that figurative language performs essential functions beyond those found in poetry, cliché, and elaborate turns of phrase. Metaphor permeates our daily experiences - not only through systems of language, but also in terms of the way we think and act. The key to understanding a metaphor's effect on behavior, relationships, and how we make sense of our environment, can be found in the way humans use metaphorical language. To appreciate the affects of figurative language over even the most mundane details of our daily activity, it is necessary to define the term, "metaphor" and explain its role in defining the thoughts and actions that structure our conceptual system.
Common sense phrases are used in everyday life. They deliver a lot of meaning in very few words, whereas Psychological terminology would give us a scientific understanding and explanation of the word or phrase. Below are some examples to explain this.
These denoting phrases can be classed into either one of two groups; those containing definite descriptions and those containing indefinite descriptions.
There are two types of words that can be used as connectors at the beginning of an independent clause: coordinating conjunctions and independent marker words.
Sentiment is one’s attitude or opinion about something. Sentiment analysis uses various research areas such as natural language processing, data mining, and text mining to discover the consumer’s opinion. Sentiment analysis can occur at the document-level, sentence-level sentiment analysis, and aspect-level. Document-level being the most coarse level granularity and aspect-level being the finest level of granularity (Pedrycz and
Sharpley, C. (1984) Predicate matching in NLP a review of research on the preferred representation system, Journal of counselling psychology, Volume 31, issue 2 p.51
There are many types of polysemy, some of which view the polysemous word as having primary meaning and secondary meaning, i.e. the meaning which a word refers to in the external world and what it refers to in the second understanding of the word. Other types of polysemy can be dealt with lexically, i.e. these types view the literal meaning and the figurative meaning of the polysemous word. Accordingly, there is referential polysemy, and lexical polysemy which is subdivided into linear polysemy and subsuming polysemy.
What this paper will do is to find effective methods that can help students comprehend Type 2 conditional sentence better. Firstly, there will be a critique of Miss Wong’s teaching approach, and then you will see a detailed design of a grammar activity. Following it, a discussion and its theoretical rationale will be presented. Finally, a summary about the effective ways will be made.
Language as a dynamic structure is exposed to constant development, transformation and alteration. Media, society, culture, science, technology and politics are the core factors that contribute towards language evolution. Due to numerous linguistic and extra linguistic factors, newly coined units in the language are in the process of entering and influencing the English language. These new units, known as neologisms, serve as our guidance in understanding the never-ending evolution in the English language. Furthermore, neologisms ease each individual’s process of coping with changes by creating mental bridges between the old and the contemporary. The English language vocabulary is facing constant change, as neologisms enter in a blink of an eye through the media. The mass media being the major source and ground on which English neologisms are coined, plays a significant role of intermediary between the English population as active consumers and the language itself.
Reiteration, as the first category of lexical cohesion, is a phenomenon in which the lexical item refers back to another item that has a connection with a general reference. It is a lexical cohesion which forms a constituent that has been mentioned. Reiteration consists of repetition, hyponymy, synonyms, and antonymy. The purpose of using these aspects of reiteration is to obtain the effect of the intensity of the meaning of language, information events, and beauty of other languages. Haliday and Hasan (1976) says that:
In order to describe the form of the linguistic expressions (phrases, sentences, texts) in a language, we must describe how those complex expressions are built from smaller parts, until ultimately we which the atoms of linguistic form. The term morpheme is used to refer to an atom of linguistic form.
Next to last type are incorporating verb idioms. The author claims that the first component is an adjective or a noun in other surroundings and a slavish re-encoding of them disclose an interrelated configuration that is either
The conjunction is the part of speech which is used for joining two words, clauses, phrases and sentences together.
An important linguistic change was also in syntax. Syntax governs the structure of a sentence, as well as the structure of verbs. Auxiliary verbs came into use, for example the use of do and have which extended the capability of expression for verbs. The subtle differences between I walk, I do walk, and I am walking are not available in many other languages. This improvement assisted English in differentiating itself from other languages.
Syntax is the study of how words are combined to create phrases and causes in the sentences of a specific language (Freeman and Freeman, 2014). Syntax helps us to make clear sentences that “sound right,” where words, phrases, and clauses each serve their function and are correctly ordered to form and communicate a complete sentence with meaning. The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. Not only does it focus on the correct word order for a language, but it also helps show the relationship between the meaning of a group of words. Without proper syntax, a sentence can be meaningless. It is key to understand that while every language does have certain syntax, the syntax does vary from language to language. It