Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
A 45-year old male is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. the most likely cause of the condition is
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: A 45-year old male is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. the most likely cause of the condition is
Pernicious Anemia diagnosis is based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results. The test is done to find out if the condition is due to lack of intrinsic factor or cause by other factor, including the severity of the disease to find the appropriate treatment. Pernicious anemia is caused by the lack of vitamin B12, which is essential to produce red blood cells. So, to absorb vitamin B12 from the food, the body uses a protein called intrinsic factor which is released in the stomach by the cells. Therefore intrinsic factor bind with the vitamin in the small intestine, however if the stomach do not produce enough of the intrinsic factor, the vitamin B12 cannot be absorb therefore causing the disease. Pernicious anemia
...its role as a coenzyme for L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase (e). Serum vitamin B12 less than 145 pg/mL is considered deficient, and is commonly caused by pernicious anemia and atrophic gastritis (k) (h). B12 is measured with a competitive-binding immunoenzymatic assay that measures concentration based on an inverse relationship to absorbance (i). Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine are associated metabolites that increase in concentration with B12 deficiency and act as disease markers (b). The Schilling test is a less common method that involves administration of oral radiolabeled B12, saturation of B12 binding proteins, and subsequent detection of radiolabeled B12 in urine to assess absorption rate (g). Current laboratory methods are rapid and specific, providing clinicians with accurate information in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Three hundred and thirty-four years later in the future, Carl Landsteiner, a Viennese doctor, performed a very simple experiment with blood in 1901. During his experiment, Landsteiner noticed "clotting in some samples of mixed blood and not others". (Tucker, 10) Landsteiner separated his samples into three groups: A, B, and C, according to how they clotted in his experiment. Today, the blood type C is known as type O blood. When Landsteiner was grouping these blood types, he happened to look over type AB. AB occurs in about 3 percent of the population. Later in 1907, two researchers, Jan Jansky in Czechoslovakia and William Lorenzo Moss in the United
In his book, Blood Done Sign My Name, the author Timothy Tyson tells the story of the highly combustible racial atmosphere in the American South before, during, and after the Jim Crow era. Unlike Margaret Mitchell’s account of the glory and grandeur of the Antebellum South, Tyson exposes the reader to the horrific and brutal reality that the black race experienced on a daily basis. Tyson highlights the double standard that existed during this period in history, arguing that the hypocrisy of the “white” southern judicial system allowed the murder of a young black African-American male at the hands of white racists to go unpunished (Tyson 2004, 244).
A complete blood count was done for this patient upon admission in order to give a baseline to help guide his care. The blood count was also done to show how his hematological system was affected by the trauma that he suffered in the motor vehicle accident he was in. If the patient was hemodynamically unstable, he may have needed blood transfusions to bring his blood counts up. White blood cells could help to tell is the patient has an infection in his surgical wound. The patient also underwent surgery to correct the injury to his spine, causing more blood to be lost in the process. The platelet, hemoglobin, and hematocrit counts could help to show in the future if the patient is suffering from internal bleeding after the surgery he had.
In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, blood gives the boys feelings of power and control through violence. For instance, after the hunters successfully kill a pig, Jack “giggled and flicked them [his hands] while the boys laughed at his reeking palms. Then Jack grabbed Maurice and rubbed the stuff [blood] over his cheeks” (135). Maurice is not a leader on the island and he is entirely comfortable with being a follower and not making decisions for himself. Jack, on the other hand, has more power in island politics and Maurice could arguably be his subordinate; therefore, the smearing of the blood over Maurice’s face is Jack demonstrating his control over him. Another example of the use of blood as a symbol of control is when a lightning storm
Vitamin B12 deficiency limits selenium methylation and excretion resulting in higher tissue selenium levels and subsequent toxicity. It occurs in people whose digestive systems do not adequately absorb the vitamin from the foods they eat. Vegetarians who eat eggs and milk products are the most at risk because, on average, they consume less than half the adult vitamin B12 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) while strict vegans (who don't eat any animal products, including meat, eggs, or milk) are at an even greater risk. Vitamin B12 is important since it works with the vitamin folate to make the body’s genetic material and help keep levels of the amino acid homocysteine in check which helps to decrease heart disease risk. It is also essential in the production of red blood cells which carry oxygen through the blood to the body’s tissues. Life Extension gives offers some of selenium supplements. Babies who are born of parents with low selenium and vitamin B12 rich foods are at risk of anaemia.
Anemia is a disease that is commonly seen in veterinary medicine. This disease can be described as having low amounts of red blood cells and a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. It develops from loss, destruction or lack of production of red blood cells. Anemia is usually a secondary disease caused by another disease or medical condition. There are three different types of anemia; regenerative, non-regenerative and relative.
The spleen, an organ on the left side of the abdomen across from the liver, is responsible for filtering the blood for infections and other abnormalities. Normal red blood cells can change shape and squeeze through this filter, but sickled cells get stuck and cannot recirculate through the body, so that the number of circulating blood cells goes down. Meanwhile, the bone marrow, where red blood cells are made, pitches in by making more cells. It can't keep up with the destruction, though, so the total number of red blood cells drops to a low level and the body becomes anemic. ("Anemic" is the medical word for having a low number of red blood cells.)
There are many causes of anemia in the body. Some factors include genetics and deficiencies in the diet. Ms. A claims that for the past 10 – 12 years menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for her. Menorrhagia is abnormal and heavy menstrual bleeding during menstruation (Mayoclinic, 2013). Menorrhagia can deplete iron levels in the blood and increase the risk of an individual to have iron deficiency anemia. This is the cause of Ms. A’s anemia. Moreover, Ms. A says that she constantly takes aspirin especially in the summer to prevent stiffness in the joints. Aspirin affects and hinders the production of red blood cells (Mayoclinic, 2013). From the description of anemia given above, the lack of red blood cells, leads to low levels of iron and therefore low levels of hemoglobin which in turn affects the transportation of oxygen and thereby causing shortness of breath. Ms. A’s initial complains of shortness of breath and fatigue is the reason why she went to see the physician.
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
Thalassemia is basically a name for similar groups of inherited blood diseases that involve missing or abnormal genes regarding the protein in hemoglobin which is the red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. I will discuss the different types of Thalassemia, how Thalassemia is diagnosed, and the treatments available. I will also discuss the complications and side effects of the treatments, the disease’s causes and effects, and how it is more dominant in some parts of the world than others. Thalassemia is a blood disorder which means the body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body and having less hemoglobin leads to anemia. Alpha globin and beta globin are the proteins that create Hemoglobin. A defect in the gene that helps control production of alpha or beta goblin leads to Thalassemia. Fewer blood cells leads to anemia, which is the common culprit in Thalassemia.
This disease is characterized by autoantibodies against intrinsic factor producing cells in the stomach (atrophic gastritis). Intrinsic factor is an important molecule that binds to vitamin B12 in the stomach, allowing the vitamin B12/intrinsic factor complex to become absorbed in the small intestine. Other disorders associated with B12 deficiency include celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease – this occurs as a result of malabsorption. Individuals that have undergone bowel resection of the stomach or small intestine (e.g., ileum) are also at increased risk.
Complete Blood Count with Differential is one of the most commonly ordered tests for routine check-ups and/or physicals. A complete blood count with differential measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Most of the time it is ordered as a screening test to check for anemia or infection. The Complete Blood Count with Differential is used to aid in diagnosing and treating a large number of conditions (Lockwood, 2013).
This experiment consists of titrating the ferrous ion with permanganate ion to study the oxidation-reduction reaction. The ions react in acidic solution to give ferric ion and a reduced ionic form of manganese. All the reactants and products except permanganate ion are weakly colored, whereas permanganate is a very intensely colored ion. Then a solution of permanganate is removed as long as there is a ferrous ion present to react with it. But as soon as the entire ferrous ion has been oxidized, the next small portion of added permanganate colors the solution. The first appearance of a permanent pink color indicates the endpoint of the experiment. From the titration it will be able to calculate the percentage of iron in the sample from the data.
Anemia is a condition in which the body has a low number of red blood cells in the body. Anemia is also known as blood disease that occurs when the blood of the person does not have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color. It also helps the human body to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body. There are different causes of anemia, but there are preventions and treatment as well.