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As we all know oxygen is the main source of life, in the human body Erythrocytes are one of the most important cells, (which transports oxygen to all cells and organs and takes CO2 to be extracted by the lungs), any changed or defect in the DAN or even the shape of it will lead to abnormality to our health. According to Elaine N & Katja H (2008 anatomy and physiology pp 642) Anemia “is a condition in which the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism” which has multiple tips like Sickle cell anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Iron-Deficiency anemia and pernicious Anemia.
Today will focus on pernicious Anemia and the relationship with vitamin B12 deficiency, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and total gastrectomy,
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Pulse, blood pressure, and respirations should be monitored and recorded during and after activity. Note adverse responses to increased levels of activity (e.g., increased heart rate [HR]/BP which increased oxygen demand, dysrhythmias, dizziness, dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis of mucous membranes/nailbeds). A quiet atmosphere I recommended; bed rest if indicated. Discuss importance of maintaining environmental temperature and body warmth as indicated. Nursing management should record and highlight food rich in B12 intake and blood result and if improvement occurs or …show more content…
Also he is taking folic acid which will synthesize the healing and is very important for rapid cell growth and division as highlighted by (Elaine N & Katja H (2008 anatomy and physiology pp 643).
As we all know drugs can interact with the condition also food for B12 Chloramphenicol and antineoplastic can reduce the hematologic response to it. Also, Colchicine, amino salicylic acid, cimetidine and excess intake of alcohol or vitamin C decreases oral effectiveness of B12 which is highlighted for us (April and Cynthia, el,2015 drug guide for nurses pp1269).
(7)Here we need to point out that our patient is on a diet which is very rich with vitamin B12 as Berkeley Wellness reported, some food rich with vitamin B12 are red beans, frankfurters, and clams. Which point out us by Web MD
According to (April and Cynthia, el,2015 drug guide for nurses pp855). certain medicines, such as some used for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and seizures, will decrease levels of B12.(8) Sulfonamides will decrease the absorption of folic acid, he also highlighted, which is absorbed from the GI tract and for our patient who is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and post total
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused by a number of different medical ailments and internal concerns. Some concerns include allergies to certain vitamins, stomach problems, bad reactions with certain medicines, low levels of B12 protein in your stomach, and kidney or liver problems. Body functions can slowdown in older people and cause a B12 deficiency. Diabetics take some medicines that can lower their levels of B12 and cause a vitamin deficiency that shows up with symptoms like lightheadedness, sleepiness, and lack of
Scientists are constantly researching ways to help people with sickle cell anemia. Several recent drugs on the market, such as hydroxyurea, have helped reduce painful crises and episodes of acute chest syndrome in adults with the condition. These drugs have also decreased the need for hospitalization. Scientists are also testing these and other drugs to see if they work for kids and teens. In rare cases, people with severe sickle cell anemia may be given a bone marrow transplant to help them produce healthy hemoglobin.
The kidney produced erythropoietin hormones that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the red bone marrow known as the erythropoiesis process (Mader, 2010). Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are essentially for transport oxygen and carbon dioxide for gas exchange. Red blood cells are lack of nucleus. They contain the hemoglobin which mainly bind to oxygen to transport it to tissues. The red blood cells have the average life span of 120 days and destructive by the spleen and liver. The degraded haemoglobin, iron, and bilirubin are recycled. Nutrients such as vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron are required for the erythropoiesis.
There are many causes of anemia in the body. Some factors include genetics and deficiencies in the diet. Ms. A claims that for the past 10 – 12 years menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for her. Menorrhagia is abnormal and heavy menstrual bleeding during menstruation (Mayoclinic, 2013). Menorrhagia can deplete iron levels in the blood and increase the risk of an individual to have iron deficiency anemia. This is the cause of Ms. A’s anemia. Moreover, Ms. A says that she constantly takes aspirin especially in the summer to prevent stiffness in the joints. Aspirin affects and hinders the production of red blood cells (Mayoclinic, 2013). From the description of anemia given above, the lack of red blood cells, leads to low levels of iron and therefore low levels of hemoglobin which in turn affects the transportation of oxygen and thereby causing shortness of breath. Ms. A’s initial complains of shortness of breath and fatigue is the reason why she went to see the physician.
Some supplements increase or decrease the effects of a medication, while others inactivate medications all together. For instance, medicinal herb, St John’s wort, is said to make drugs for heart disease, depression, HIV/AIDS, birth control pills, etc. less potent. Another example is vitamin k, which can lessen the effectiveness of blood thinners. Robert Mozersky, a medical officer at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), says, “Certain dietary supplements can change absorption, metabolism, or excretion of a medication and therefore affect its potency. “You may be getting either too much or too little of a medication you
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that erythrocytes tolerate sickle shape red blood cells. These red blood cells are easy to damage, which leads to hemolytic anemia. Abnormal hemoglobin is fragile to low oxygen conditions within the body. It loses the blood solubility, and then forms thick strands called polymers. This gives the abnormal shape, called Sickle cell.
and loss of appetite caused by the disease itself and by treatment with AZT and
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
D. standing near her room, breathing sharply. While asked what has just happened, she answered, ‘I feel dizzy and can faint!’ Mrs. D. then explained that she rose up from her chair in the television room and felt lightheaded. I decided to bring her to the room hoping she would feel less dizziness if she could sit. After consultation with my mentor and third year unit nursing student, I decided to perform measurement of her vital signs. Since only electronic sphygmomanometer was available for me that time, I had to use it for my procedure. Gladly, I discovered that I have already used such equipment in my previous nursing practice. Using the standard sized calf, I found that her blood pressure was 135/85, respirations were 16, and her pulse was 96 beats per minute (bpm). However, I decided to recheck the pulse manually, founding that it was irregular (78 bpm). The patient stated that she felt better after rest. Immediately after the incident I made a decision to explore carefully the medical chart of Mrs. D., along with her nursing care plan. That helped me to discover multiple medical diagnoses influencing her
This disease is characterized by autoantibodies against intrinsic factor producing cells in the stomach (atrophic gastritis). Intrinsic factor is an important molecule that binds to vitamin B12 in the stomach, allowing the vitamin B12/intrinsic factor complex to become absorbed in the small intestine. Other disorders associated with B12 deficiency include celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease – this occurs as a result of malabsorption. Individuals that have undergone bowel resection of the stomach or small intestine (e.g., ileum) are also at increased risk.
Medications involve hydroxyurea that stimulates the production of the fetal hemoglobin which is a short-term treatment and causes new blood cells to not be sickled and folic acid increases folate stores responsible for the production of red blood cells. Other treatment options involve a bone marrow transplant which is more likely to cause the patient to get sick and are prone to infection more or blood transfusions to have normal red blood cells to carry out the blood cells’ function. However, it can not be done often because it causes high iron levels. Upon being diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, life may get a lot harder because you can get pain crisis, which can be sudden outbreaks and it can be mild or severe which may lead to necrosis, edema, and increased in pressure. You must also be more conscious of your health because your body cannot handle normal physical activity as others and is more prone to pain in joints, blockages in blood vessels which can lead to heart attacks and stroke and you must take your medications in time to ensure that you will not endanger yourself and be at risk of
There are medical contraindications that exist if a patient is being treated with various medications. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, omega-3 fatty acid supplements should not be used if the patient is being prescribed with blood-thinning medications, blood sugar lowering medications, cyclosporine, etretinate and topical steroids,
Nutritional deficiency can be defined as an insufficient supply of required nutrients (as vitamins and minerals) in the diet, thus this can lead to malnutrition (‘Nutritional Deficiency’ n.d.). Vegetarian diets lack of many types of nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12. One of the most common nutrients that are very hard to be found in a vegetarian diet is vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for us to consume because it helps to build a normal functioning body and brain. Animal products provide enough amount of vitamin B12. According to Walton (2011), he stated that the lack of vitamin B12 can cause problems in cell functioning, dizziness, anemia, poor concentration and many more.
Treatment option for the disorder includes; blood transfusion, which is done to replace the affected hemoglobin, Excess iron removal from the blood stream by administering folic acid to the patient, bone mirror transplant and sometime a surgery may be required
Another example of deficiency disease’s associated with malnutrition are the by factors that are caused as a result of poor absorption of the vitamin B complex. The vitamin B complex consists of several parts, all of which are absorbed for individual purposes in the body. For example; anaemia is a deficiency caused as a result of not enough iron or vitamin B12 (part of the B vitamin complex) being absorbed by the body. Iron or B12 is the anti-anaemic substance required for the formation of healthy blood cells to transport oxygen around the body efficiently (Watson,