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Peripheral vascular disease quizlet
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Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a generalized term referring to a spectrum of vascular disorders that alter the structure or function on any non-coronary artery. Atherosclerosis is the most common vascular disorder affecting the peripheral arteries (Ali & Carman, 2012). Atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries, is a general vascular disorder that can be located in any blood vessels throughout the body. It causes a reduction of blood flow and loss of function. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a blood vessel disease resulting from atherosclerosis. PAD focuses on how that reduced blood flow affects the lower extremities. PAD affects approximately 8.5 million adults 40 and older in the United States (Kohlman-Trigoboff, 2013).
PAD may be underdiagnosed due to the fact that is can be asymptomatic. It is estimated that as many as half of people with PAD have no symptoms. An artery may have a 60% or greater narrowing before symptoms are felt. This may be due to collateral circulation, where the body develops arties to bypass the hardened arteries (Vascular Disease Foundation, 2012). PAD can be a clinical indicator of more serious vascular disease and can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. (Olin & Sealove, 2010). Early diagnosis and treatment can be effective in management of this and other vascular diseases.
Peripheral Arterial Disease is most commonly a result of atherosclerosis, the narrowing and hardening of the arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque can build up and harden and narrow the arteries. This limits blood flow throughout the body. PAD occurs if plaque builds up in the major arteries that supply oxygen-ri...
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...nt of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: Interpreting the latest guidelines for nurse practitiners. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 9(10), 653-660. doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.08.026
Olin, J., & Sealove, B. (2010). Peripheral artery disease: Current insight into the disease and diagnosis and management. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(7), 678-692. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0133
National Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, What is Peripheral Arterial Disease? (2011). Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pad/
Schmidt-Trucksass, A. (2011). Exercise training in peripheral arterial disease. International Sportmed Journal,12(4), 150-155.Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Vascular Disease Foundation, Peripheral Artery Disease, (2011). Retrieved from http://vasculardisease.org/peripheral-artery-disease/
The Braden risk assessment tool was deemed to be appropriate due to the patient’s comorbidity’s of peripheral vascular disease and lymphoedema with the addition of an arterio-venous leg ulcer of the right leg. This scale is universally accepted as a tool to help identify those most at risk with a goal of allowing health care providers to use their experience and judgement to consistently reduce the risk or to ensure preventive care is appropriately prescribed (Guy, 2012). Pressure ulcers are a risk factor for those who suffer from
Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Pina, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., ... Wenger, N. K. (2003). Exercise in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3110-3116. http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77
Coronary artery disease is a heart disease characterized by narrow arteries and restricted blood flow in arteries and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally.[1] According to WHO estimation, 6.8% in men and 5.3% in women are affected globally.[2-4] Cardiovascular disease account for 29% of all deaths in Canada; of all the cardiovascular death, 54% and 23% was due to ischemic heart disease and heart attack, respectively. The total costs for heart disease and stroke were more than $20.9 billion every year. [5,6] With more than 1 artery impacted, multivessel coronary artery disease is more complex and more likely accompanied by other comorbidities including diabetes or high blood pressure; multivessel coronary artery disease usually is more difficult to deal with, has worse prognosis and cost more compared with single coronary artery disease. [7]
Why do we need to exercise? With out exercise many of our bodies arteries in the cardiovascular system can become clogged and bring on much unwanted cardiovascular diseases. Exercising regularly helps us maintain a healthy weight if already fi...
Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) is the formation of a blood clot or thrombus in the large vein of the legs(Narani, 2010). The signs and symptoms of a lower limb DVT varies from asymptomatic to extensive ilio femoral thrombosis(Narani, 2010). The most common clinical manifestation can be sudden swelling of one limb accompanied with pain or tenderness,
7. Sae Young, J., Heffernan, K., Fernhall, B., & Yoon-Ho, C. (2012). Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Men With Type 2 Diabetes. Journal Of Physical Activity & Health, 9(4), 549-553.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
After a thorough examination, J.P. was diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). “DVT develops most often in the legs but can occur also in the upper arms…” (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Due t...
...survivors of myocardial infarction, number of damaged arteries is correlated with vitamin D binding protein. Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with high prevalence of double or triple vessel CAD and lower brachial artery flow-mediated dilations. Animal studies, including two studies conducted on atherosclerotic monkeys support the reverse association between concentrations of VDRA with plaque size and thickness. This association was not observed in monkeys with low VDR and high 25(OH)D3.
A PE usually begins as a clot in a deep vein of the leg, which is called deep vein thrombosis. This clot can break and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs and block the artery. Blood clots can form in the deep veins of the legs if blood flow is restricted and slows down. This can occur when you don’t move around for long periods of time. Some examples that can cause this are some types of surgery, during a long trip in a car or airplane, and if you must stay in bed for an extended period of time. Under rare circumstances an air bubble, part of tumor, or other tissue travels to lungs and causes ...
CHD is primarily due to atherosclerosis, which is the blockage of blood flow in the arteries due to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Atherosclerosis takes place over many years, but when the blood flow becomes so limited due to the build up of plaque in the arteries, there becomes a serious problem. “When...
Vuori, I 2007, ‘Physical activity and health: Metabolic and cardiovascular issues’, Advances in Physiotherapy, vol. 9 pp. 50-64, April.
The American Medical Women's Association. Guide to Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY: Dell Publishing, 2009.
Although atherosclerosis affects millions of people around the world, there are many ways to prevent and treat it once it has developed. Simple life style changes can greatly reduce the inflammation and damage to the endothelial wall of the artery. It is very important that people who have high blood pressure or diabetes get regular checkups; if atherosclerosis goes untreated, the adverse effects, such as stroke or myocardial infarction can be deadly.
Matocha, D. (2013). Achieving Near-Zero and Zero: Who Said Interventions and Controls Don't Matter? Journal of the Association For Vascular Access, 18(3), 157-163. doi:10.1016/j.java.2013.03.003