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Performance appraisal literature review
Performance appraisal literature review
Performance appraisal literature review
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Employee are evaluated by the company they work for on the performance of their job in relation to the effectiveness and efficiency of achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Having an effective performance appraisal system can increase employee performance. Youssef (2015) noted, “Consequently, managers dislike performance measurement due to the confrontational and judgment aspects of assessing their employee’s performance” (p. 144). This paper will address the strategic advantages of a performance appraisal, the potential bias within appraisal systems as well as how performance appraisals can contribute to the achievement of organizational strategic objectives.
An effective performance appraisal system is important to organizational
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147). Although the main objective of a performance appraisal is to evaluate employee’s work performance, performance appraisals are also important for organizations because they reflect the effectiveness and efficiency of achieving organizational goals and objectives. Youssef (2015) stated “Organizations use performance appraisals for many purposes including, managing employees’ salaries, wages, and pay adjustments and providing performance feedback for employees and communicating points of strength and weaknesses. Performance appraisals are also used by management to determine job placement decisions such as promotions, demotions, and transfers and to justify employee disciplinary actions such as termination or dismissal” (pp. 149-150). The performance appraisal effectively measures employee’s skills and accomplishments as well as provides constructive feedback to enhance performance and to help promote employee professional growth. Performance appraisals should not, however, be considered the manager’s only communicating tool. Open lines of communication throughout the year develop effective working relations between managers and employees thus making the annual appraisal easier and more effective for …show more content…
13). Youssef (2015) identified several common bias such as, “Stereotyping, halo effect, availability, self-fulfilling prophecies, and fundamental attribution error” (p. 161). Each of these bias have negative effects and managers should make every attempt to keep evaluations fair, valid and reliable. There are also intentional bias that managers use such as manipulating employees rating making them stringent or lenient, and deliberately under evaluating employ¬ees to put pressure on them to work harder, teach them a lesson, or create evidence justifying subse¬quently laying them off (Youssef, 2015, sec 6.6, p. 162). The overwhelming consensus among researchers suggests that the less the errors and bias in performance appraisal, the better employee performance and satisfaction and efficiency of the evaluation system (Javidmehr & Ebrahimpour,
The performance assessment and appraisal forms are crucial within the performance management system (Aguinis, 2014). However, the appraisal form within the case study provided is designed for the supervisor’s use thus missing one vital factor throughout the entire process, employee participation. Thus, questioning the validity and reliability of the process. This is especially concerning as the bottom 10 per cent of employees are being fired and the top 20 per cent are being rewarded with $5,000.00 based on what their supervisor records on the form without consultation with employees. Thus, supervisors may not provide accurate scores as they do not have to justify their responses (Aguinis,
Halo has traditionally been considered a serious problem for the effectiveness of an appraisal system. Cleveland, Murphy, and Williams, (2009) organizations generally use performance evaluations to make some sort of decision about a worker and his job When evaluating a person, the organization attempts to measure the worker on several different criteria. In this way, the worker, with the help of the organization, is able to be aware of his strengths and can target areas for improvement. Halo eliminates the varian...
There is an array of key components and factors involved in making an organization a successful business. One of those elements consists on evaluating employee’s performance; this sole component is critical in determining how effective is the organization’s productivity and which are the necessary steps to ensure proper functioning. “The performance appraisal may be one of the few times during the year where an employee and the reviewer, typically the employee's supervisor, can sit down and have a lengthy face-to-face discussion about all aspects of the job” (Joseph, 2016). Employees’ performance assessment serves as an instrument to gather important information as to which areas of the job description are being performed according to standards
The second article is called “What do performance appraisals do?” Performance appraisals are the process through which supervisors assess, after the fact, the job-related performance of their supervisees and allocate rewards to the supervisees based on that assessment (Cappelli & Conyon, 2016, p. xx). This article describes the history, the purpose, and it analyze how performance appraisals are important. This article will relate to my job analysis report because it explains in detail the main concepts of an performance detail, if performance appraisals are informative, how employers reward in different levels based on the performance of an
In this paper I critically reflect on five different self-assessments: locus of control (LOC), emotional intelligence (EI), listening self-inventory, team member type and conflict management. Throughout my discussion, I focus on their correlations and apply the gathered information to my work-life experiences. I will also provide a systematic assessment of each of these questionnaires. This evaluation will address any possible weaknesses I had found within the tests and prepare my final conclusions based upon those final educated results.
Low and medium level performers improved and high performers reduced over time. It is due to supervisors who received evaluation were no more likely to improve performance than managers who did not receive feedback; people who gave themselves higher self-rating than the ratings their subordi...
The first problem with Merck’s performance appraisal system was the prevalence of rating errors which resulted in issues such as central tendency. This meant that very few employees received ratings of 1,2 or 5, instead, a vast majority received ratings of 3 or 4. Some employees received a score of 3 or 4 because their supervisors were strict and refused to award a 5 even for excellent performance. On the other hand, many employees argue that some of their colleagues who were below average performers still received 3 and 4 because supervisors refused to give them scores of 1 or 2.
The ideal job revolves around working for a company that leaves employees unsatisfied, disengaged, and unable to communicate with upper management, right? Wrong. As members of the work force, there are certain expectations from a company by the employees. While external effects could affect employee attitudes, it is typically an internal issue with the company. Target, as a corporation, struggles with marketing, sales to millennials, and the transition into a heavily digital platform.
Performance appraisal is perceived by most as a tool to reward or penalize employees for their good or bad work respectively by the end of a year. This notion is a challenge in itself to deal with. The whole exercise becomes dull for both supervisors and their subordinates and they tend to look at it as an additional responsibility which they have to finish. In the end, there is little or no value addition for either the employee or the organization. There are, however, better ways of looking at and conducting performance appraisals. It can give much needed feedback to both performers and laggards to improve upon and if done properly can even boost their motivation. More importantly, they provide a chance to employees to have a say in their goal setting and thus aligning it with the departmental and organizational goals. Also, the process itself has a value in team making.
Assume you are the vice president of human resources at Eckel Industries and that you are aware that fine-tuning evaluations is a prevalent practice among Eckel managers. If you disagree with th...
One of the most important resources of any organization is its employees, the human resource. This makes it very important that these resources are properly managed; so that they thrive and grow along with the organization. People stream defines performance management as “A process for establishing a shared workforce understanding about what is to be achieved at an organizational level. It is about aligning the organizational objectives with the employees’ agreed skills, competency requirements, development plans and the delivery of results. The emphasis is on improvement, learning and development in order to achieve the overall business strategy and to create a high performance work force”. The performance management process involves various stages such as goal setting, skills development, performance measuring against the set goals, mentoring/coaching to enable employees to focus and achieve their goals followed by assessment of performance and any further development plans as required. Let us look at these steps one by one.
Many employees lose motivation if not considered deserving of merit rewards, which directly affect performance. Employee’s say the criteria used to measure performance is highly subjective and unfair. Consequently, favoritism when rating employees can create major problems within an organization. This makes other employees unmotivated; they feel insignificant, causing low morale, because no matter how high they perform, they never meet the standards. Unmotivated employees produce less and do not substantially contribute to the organization. The inconsistencies with the appraisal system used for merit pay causes a higher degree of employee conflict, which directly affects productivity. Often personal goals may become more important than team goals, which is not beneficial to the company and affects team unity. Developing an accurate performance appraisal system where assessors are properly trained and objectives are clearly spelled out and discussed with employees can alleviate many
The manager communicates with the members of staff individually on a regular basis providing all the necessary information about the employee’s overall performance as it relates to their roles in the workplace. This performance appraisal is beneficial to employees as it allows them to create an outline for their goals with the greatest effort it should not be used to lower the employee’s level of motivation but seek to increase it.
There are several reasons organizations initiate performance evaluations, however the standard purpose for performance evaluations is to discuss performance expectations; not only from the employers perspective but to engage in a formal collaboration where the employee and the manager are both able to provide feedback in a formal discourse. There are many different processes an organization should follow when developing its performance evaluation tool; in addition essential characteristics that must accompany an effective performance appraisal process. I will discuss in detail the intent of a performance evaluation, the process an organization should follow in using its performance evaluation tool, along with the characteristics of an effective
Organization is a group of people brought to gather to achieve specific goals. Goals can be achieved if team member are performing well. Performance is the results of activities given to the employees in an organization to be achieved within specific period of time. Evaluating the current performance of employees against past performances and organizational standards is known as Performance Appraisal (Dessler, 2005). Furthermore performance appraisal helps the company know how individual employees are performing and how to improve their performance thus improving the performance of the company (Grubb, 2007). A performance appraisal is propose in which the performance management system in an organizations set work goals, determine performance standards, provide performance feedback, determine training and development needs and distribute rewards as well as evaluating an employee’s job performance during a period of time. The performance of team member is much more than appraising individuals’ works, it is managing the business, so the performance of an employee is influences by the performance of an organization. It is target to achieve the best results for the planned strategic by managing activities of employees. There are many different opinions on the performance appraisals, some organizations do performance appraisals without any aim just follow others., where some organizations do performance appraisals to make sure they have a record of a piece of paper in the employee’s file – they are careless about do corrective action. But successful organizations understand the importance of combining performance appraisals into their performance management process and strategy plan as the success of any organizatio...