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History of zero in mathematics systems
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Throughout history, mathematics has played a major role in humanities existence. The global need to count and use math developed through numerous mathematical systems in societies, such as, Egyptian, Babylonian, Mayan, Roman, and Hindu-Arabic. However, the number “zero” did not exist in the early age of math. Numbers were initially used to count things; counting-wise, it does not make sense to count something “zero”, thus zero was not used until later in the history. I consider zero to be the most interesting number because it represents nothing and everything all together. Nowadays, zero is still a mystery to people confusing humanity for thousands of years. The magical number, zero, mainly began its use as a placeholder in mathematics. As described in the following, “Between 700 and 300 B.C., the Babylonians started using their end-of-sentence symbol to show that a place was being skipped” (B&G, p.79). They did not write the symbol of “0” as a placeholder but instead an “end-of-sentence” symbol to represent (B&G, p. 79). In fact, zero means nothing when it comes to counting things, but …show more content…
Later on, the Indians thought that a place indicator also should be considered as a number as well. In addition, the number “zero” was not recognized as a number until the Hindu-Arabic discovered the importance of zero, thus, it “was a key unlocking the door of algebra” (B&G, p. 80). In algebra, zero is quite special. For example, when you are trying to find a straight line that intersects on either x or y-axis on a plane (y=mx+b) given that m and b are constant. The fastest way to find x and y is that we will plug in 0 into x in order to find y, vise versa. The idea of plugging in zero to find either x or y indicates where x and y locate on the axes when one of them equates 0. Algebra shows where math gets into abstract concepts involving more dimensional
The Zero does a great job of representing the claim that was presented. A good example would be when Constancia was getting ready to go to the mall with her friends: “My
Zero awoke to find himself standing, it was not something he was familiar with and he searched his memory for any recollection of it happening before. Quickly he discovered that large parts of his memory were missing, gone were the seemingly endless data bases of information. Quickly he sent out feelers trying for a connection of some sort but he drew a blank. It seemed that where ever he was now, had limited connection capacity. Instead he used his visual feed to survey his surrounding, it appeared he was in some kind of desert of discarded parts.
Pearl Harbor was a very vicious attack by the Japanese on the US. On December 7, 1941 US Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese fighter jets. United States had been aware of a possible attack since the 1920s; the US became more involved when the Japanese invaded Manchuria. Attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of something big, a bloody war between the Japanese and the United States. United States was not expecting such an event; it was such an unannounced attack on the naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. That unexpected attack on December 7, 1941 was originally just a preventive effort for keeping the US from interfering with military action the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia. Japan wanted to cripple the pacific fleet so they wouldn’t foil their plan to create a defense perimeter in the Southwest Pacific. Japanese aircraft launched two aerial attack waves sinking four US Navy battleships and damaging two other battleships. The attacks also led to a high number of deaths. There original plan was to attack all of the US aircraft carriers. The attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in US entry into World War 2.
To investigate the notion of numeracy, I approach seven people to give their view of numeracy and how it relates to mathematics. The following is a discussion of two responses I receive from this short survey. I shall briefly discuss their views of numeracy and how it relates to mathematics in the light of the Australian Curriculum as well as the 21st Century Numeracy Model (Goos 2007). Note: see appendix 1 for their responses.
The mathematicians of Pythagoras's school (500 BC to 300 BC) were interested in numbers for their mystical and numerological properties. They understood the idea of primality and were interested in perfect and amicable numbers.
One more drawback of zeros is that they can be callable. This means that the issuer has the right to repurchase the bond back from the investor at any time before maturity. If the issuer repays the bond at a certain percentage rate, it can potentially lose money for the investor. You would also have to pay a capital gains tax if the IRS thinks you made more than you should.
...mathematical concepts is greatly influenced by their understanding of our number system. Consequently, any misconception concerning place value most be addressed promptly in order to ensure success in mathematics.
Prefixes are used in order to make the process of understanding numbers and their values better. The English system has a system where one would have to memorize all of the names of the numerous terms of the units used. On top of that, one would have to remember the conversion factors in order to change in between the types of units. This is a very chaotic system that needs to be changed. Luckily, the metric system uses many less terms with prefixes.
Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases:
Prior to the 15th century, Italy was still using roman numerals. Solving mathematical problems with roman numerals was problematic to the Venetian merchants of the time. Sometime during the 15th century, Venetian merchants began using Arabic numbers. Arabic numbers made mathematics much easier. (Kestenbaum, 2012)
While the people of Spain were driving cars and flying planes the people of Papua New Guinea were still in the stone age. Why is this? Why couldn’t Papua New Guinea advance their technology like the rest of the world? For civilizations to be equal they need to be able to develop at the same pace, this didn’t happen due to everyone not having the same geography.
Present day zero is quite different from its previous forms. Many concepts have been passed down, and many have been forgotten. Zero is the only number that is neither positive of negative. It has no effect on any quantity. Zero is a number lower than one. It is considered an item that is empty. There are two common uses of zero: 1. an empty place indicator in a number system, 2. the number itself, zero. Zero exist everywhere; although it took many civilizations to establish it.
...r position in mathematics and their relation until about the 5th century. People began to have a drive to find more about the irrational numbers. Euler put a symbol with Π and e, but he was not the first to discover these wonderful numbers that help people in every day activities and jobs.
The foundations of mathematics are strongly rooted in the history and way of life of the Egyptian people, dating back to the fourth millennium B.C. in Egypt. Egyptian mathematics was elementary. It was generally arrived at by trial and error as a way to obtain desired results. As such, early Egyptian mathematics were primarily arithmetic, with an emphasis on measurement, surveying, and calculation in geometry. The development of arithmetic and geometry grew out of the need to develop land and agriculture and engage in business and trade. Over time, historians have discovered records of such transactions in the form of Egyptian carvings known as hieroglyphs.
The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems.