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Literature review social anxiety
Reflection on having a public speaking
Literature review social anxiety
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Overcoming My Fear of Public Speaking
I could barely hold a pen. There was this faint, yet distinctly audible, buzzing in the room; I suspected only I heard it. My hands were shaking convulsively and the writing on the blackboard was blurrier than usual. My economics teacher called out my name several times before I acknowledged her.
“Carol, if the GDP per capita of Argentina falls, what is the most likely outcome? Carol?” she said, in her stereotypical teacher like tone.
“I’m sorry, what was the question?” I asked. I was hardly in the state of mind to be answering questions about GDP and South America.
“Are you sure you’re all right? You look a bit pale. Maybe you should get a glass of water,” she said. What she said scarcely registered. All I heard were the words “water” and “pale”. My lack of focus was reaching a comical point; I’m sure my fellow ninth-graders attributed my stupor to either sleep deprivation or a certain plant with intoxicating properties. Unfortunately, my daze was brought on naturally.
I soon began to feel my heart pounding faster. I noticed how moist the palms of my hands were, and how cold the room had suddenly grown. My economics teacher, Miss Loyd, went on relentlessly. She was one of my favorites, but I still itched to dart from the class room. I kept repeating to myself, “stay calm, you’ve got nothing to worry about,” but emotions are never easy to control.
The school bell rang, echoing throughout the building. In my ears, it was the sound of an executioner sharpening his sword. I felt my knees give way; I was, however, determined in my resolve. I would conquer my fears – nothing would stand in my way. I made my way out of the class room, and with a shaky hand, pulled out the speech I would soon deliver.
I smile as I write this, for I am now quite the orator. This episode of my first speech in front of a large audience will always humble me; unfortunately, I have an ego the size of a small planet when it comes to public speaking.
As I walk to the front of the classroom, time seems to slow to a crawl. I take a glance at a sea of blank faces staring back at me. You would have thought I would be use to this sensation by now. I know what to expect and have been through these motions a hundred times, but as I walk up to the stage, determined not to cower in defeat, the notecards I grasp firmly in defiance quiver slightly exposing my sense of dread. So while I often triumph over this battle, I now stood atop that classroom stage preparing to recite the merits of James Madison that I had poured myself over the past few weeks. I had the lingering thought that throughout the sea of faces there were those who were paying less attention to what I was saying and more attention to how I was saying it.
In ancient times, Iraq was known by the Greek term Mesopotamia, or the land between two rivers. These two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, formed what was known as the “Fertile Crescent.” The vast stretch of low level land retained rain and flood water, making the soil exceptional for farming, thus it is said to be the cradle of civilization. It was home to the Sumerian Empire, beginning around
Egypt was founded by the Nile River and Mesopotamia was founded by the Tigris and Euphrates River. Although both civilizations depended on rivers as important resources, their experience with them were very different. Egypt was lucky and had a better experience with the Nile. It was predictable and created a more optimistic Egypt. Unfortunately, Mesopotamia had a more difficult time with their rivers. They were unpredictable and could ruin soil and devastate crops. Geographically Egypt had a much better location than Mesopotamia. On page
Why though? Russia and Ukraine had always disliked each other, says “The New American”. And at some point the Soviets forced the Ukranians to become a country with them, but after a while Ukraine had enough. But Stalin did not want a revolt against him, so he started a famine against Ukraine so they could not revolt against him, explains “The Ukrainian Genocide”.
The river valleys of Mesopotamia consisted of desert, the mountains and the sea. In the northeast are the mountains of Turkey and Iran; to the south is the Persian Gulf and in the west, the Syrian Desert. The Tigris and Euphrates riv...
Location played a fundamental role in the development of these four civilizations. They grew next to rivers, which was source of food and water. Thanks to the river, civilizations were able to develop agriculture. Agriculture is the first step towards cultural development since it allows people to go from a nomadic to a sedentary life. When people do not have to worry about finding food, it allows time to develop other areas of human life. These agricultural societies had to adjust constantly to floods by building canals and dikes. Methods of drainage and irrigation were used to take advantage of the fertile soil next to the river. Mesopotamia, which means “between the rivers,” developed amid the Tigris and Euphrates River. Egypt, or “the gift of the river,” grew next to the Nile River. China was located on the Huang Ho River and Indian on the Indus River. Location was also strategic in many circumstances and allowed the river valley civilizations to develop differently. Mesopotamia was open to invasions by peoples such as the Hittites. Egypt had natural protection from all sides: the Nile River to the east and south, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the desert to the west; invasions were less frequent. “Egyptians felt a sense of security that was rare in Mesopotamia” (civilization, 29). China, like Mesopotamia, was open to invasions, for instance barbarian tribes. India’s location facilitated trade between West Asia, Africa and Europe. It was also protected by the Himalayan Mountains to the north. Nevertheless, it was also invaded on several occasions by people such as Alexander the Great and the Greeks.
Mesopotamia was formed in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Thus making it a fertile valley, where the early Mesopotamians invented irrigation, so they could water their crops easily. They also worked on a barter system and used the grain and their goats to give and get something back. In the early writings of the Mesopotamian people a lot of what was wrote about had to do with this system of bartering. Mesopotamia was known as the “cradle of civilization” because a lot of what we know today was formed there. The rise of the cities there was due to the flow of water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, things could be exported easily, and the people invented the sailboats to get their commodities to and from places.
A bead of sweat trickled across my neck like an ice-cold drop of rain running down a windowpane. I stood anxiously, juxtaposed to ten of my fifth grade classmates on a dusty six-inch high platform, each of us in our lint-free suits, as I stared forward to meet the unforgiving eyes of the students and teachers of Main Dunstable Elementary School. A steady stream of parents entered the gymnasium, and I heard chatter as parents and kids conversed noisily with each other. I felt my throat tighten and wished for the emcee, Mrs. Paradis, the principal of our school, to take up the microphone and begin the ceremony.
Mesopotamia is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Fertile Crescent is also a part of this area. This is an area of land from the Eastern Coast along the Mediterranean Sea, through Mesopotamia, and the Persian Gulf. Since the rivers along the civilizations it made agriculture possible because of the rich soil. The oldest civilization was Sumer which appeared around three thousand three hundred B.C. The Sumer civilization ended around one thousand nine hundred B.C. Then it was taken over by the Babylonians and the Akkadians.
It was formed nearby large bodies of water that provided fertile land, transport, and drinkable water for the inhabitants of the civilization. “Mesopotamia literally means ‘between two rivers’,” (History-World 65) which refers to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in which Mesopotamia was made in between. They were extremely advanced in innovating technologies such as the wheel, whose invention was credited toward them. They took to discovering “methods of domestication of animals, agriculture, common tools, sophisticated weaponry and warfare, the chariot, wine, beer, demarcation of time into hours, minutes, and seconds, religious rites, the sail (sailboats), and irrigation.” (Samuel
Societies of the ancient world’s prosperity relied heavily upon their agricultural capabilities. While Rome, Egypt, Greece, and Mesopotamia all learned to adapt to meet their agricultural needs, each ancient society faced different barriers that they would have had to adapt to in order to overcome and become prosperous enough to build strong civilizations. Such barriers included their climates, reliable water sources, and fertile lands.
I have also learned about different types of audiences and speeches including persuasive, informative, entertaining and delivering special occasion speeches. It came to my attention that whenever I was making these presentations or speeches, I needed to do so with confidence, consistence and practice before the actual presentation and completely eliminate the element of panic. It was also clear that capturing the attention of the audience and engaging them in the whole process, it was necessary to have a very strong introduction and also try and use visuals to deliver the message. It was therefore vital to respect each person’s diversity and cultural values (Lucas, 2011).
Public speaking is one of the most under rated skills learned in school, yet is one of the most valuable. The way you communicate shows a lot about you, and can influence other’s opinions of you. In every profession communicatiis important. Good communication skills, no matter what you plan to do in life, will help you out greatly and improve your chances against a harsh job market. I am majoring in Business Administration and Law, and communication is one of the biggest parts of business and law, yet communication is hardly ever taught in business classes for my major. I think that a communications class like public speaking, for example, should be not just for a college class, but taught in high school and middle school as well. I believe several classes would allow anyone to become an expert speaking. The only way to fully learn public speaking is to get up in front of people and talk to them. One can not learn public speaking from a book.
Starting in 3500 B.C., city-states began growing across Mesopotamia in the region known as the Fertile Crescent, which was surrounded by two great rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates. Around five thousand years ago, starting in approximately 2600 B.C., settlements such as Harappa were built near the Indus River, an area that extends from northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India today. Mesopotamia and Harappa were similar in that their geography was both surrounded by the rivers. However, they had some distinct differences in their culture, lifestyles, and religions.
Geographic factors influenced early ancient civilization’s developments of their nations and regions. These factors also stimulated the dissemination of culture. To name a few, Egypt and Mesopotamia both highly relied on its river. Greece being surrounded by mountains that divided the land led to the development of city states. These factors played a major part of how these civilizations came to be who they are. An early river valley civilization didn’t have much of a chance surviving a bad environment and a bad geographical location. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley were some of the fortunate locations where their surrounding’s condition were beneficial for them. These civilizations wouldn’t have had survived if it weren’t for each location’s earthly gift.