Osteomyelitis
Brette Maddox
Dixie State University Abstract
This paper researches information from a selection of sources about the pathology osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is the inflammation and infection of bone, bone marrow, and inadvertently the surrounding soft tissue. It can occur in any bone of the body. It is caused by bacteria and occasionally fungus. Symptoms can be difficult to determine and the illness can occur from differentiating factors. Without treatment, infection can spread throughout the body and possibility of amputation is prevalent. Most imaging modalities can be used in some respect to diagnose the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine (Nuc Med), and positron emission tomography (PET) are
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The most significant problems are: Infection spreading from the bone into the joints and cause septic arthritis. Also, in children, osteomyelitis commonly occurs in the epiphyseal plates (growth plates) which can cause complications with the growth of the child. Skin cancer can also occur from pus draining from open sores caused by osteomyelitis. Finally, if infection of the bone is prolonged and the blood supply to that portion of bone is cut off then osteonecrosis, which is the death of bone, can ensue. ("Osteomyelitis", …show more content…
It is not the best method because visual notifications of the disease do not typically present themselves until weeks after the infection has begun. Early signs on radiographs include soft tissue swelling, periosteal thickening, and osteopenia. Only once 50-75% of osteolysis (destruction of bone material) has occurred is when it is visible in diagnostic x-ray. (Calhoun et al., 2009) However, x-rays are complementary with other modalities when diagnosing osteomyelitis. It demonstrates both anatomical and pathological indications and it is capable of ruling out other pathological problems such as metastasis or osteoporosis. Therefore, radiographs remain part of the diagnosis process. (Hatzenbuehler & Pulling,
3. The radiologist reported signs of osteoporosis. Describe the characteristics of an osteoporotic femur as seen on an X-ray. (How does it differ in appearance from a normal femur?)
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva also known as FOP is a one of the rarest, most disabling genetic bone conditions known to medicine. FOP causes muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues to turn in to bone. Movement becomes limited in the affected areas of the body. People with FOP typically have malformed toes at birth, meaning the big toe is typically shorter than normal and abnormally turned outward in a position called a valgus deviation. Symptoms of FOP start to show up in early childhood. Most people with FOP develop painful tumor-like swellings also known as fibrous nodules. The fibrous nodules are visible on the neck, shoulders, and back.
Ooi, C., & Fraser, W. (1997). Paget's disease of bone. The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 73, 69-74. Retrieved June 12, 2010, from the PubMed database.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a rare genetic disorder with the main characteristic being that the bones break very easily, usually for no apparent reason. The major cause of osteogenesis imperfecta is a mutation in the genes that produce collagen. Collagen is the main protein that works toward the production of connective tissue. Individuals with this disorder will produce less collagen than needed, which causes the bone development to be endangered. This could result in bone deformities. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta, and in all four types you will see bone fragility with multiple fractures and bone deformities.
The first physical characteristics of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva at birth are typically malformations of the great toe or fingers. The example in Figure 1 demonstrates the classic FOP characteristic hallux valgus, which is the inward turning of the great toes. It is stated by National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), these abnormalities in the great toe will be shorten, a malformed distal first metatarsal, and missing or abnormal interphalangeal joint. Furthermore, NORD explained there are pre-osseous soft tissue swellings that begin in early childhood with FOP patients. These flare-ups and swellings as seen above in Figure
Before the development of antibiotics, children frequently contracted this disease. Today bone infections are introduced primarily through fractures and during surgical operations. People infected with syphilis, tuberculosis, leprosy, or yaws are susceptible to bone damage. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic abnormalities often involve defects in the storage of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate ions, in the skeleton. Diseases of the kidney can cause a metabolic imbalance of phosphate and calcium so that weakening of the bone occurs.
state that the surgery should be performed on the day of admission.19 Mouzopoulos et al. state that the infection should be treated without delay.20 Wang et al. report a summary of various authors by stating a recommendation for immediate operative treatment.21 Torres et al. also report that the generally accepted treatment is “arthroscopic lavage, performed as soon as possible”.22 It is known that articular cartilage degrades and loses nearly half of its glycosaminoglycan and collagen composition in the first week of a joint infection23,24. Therefore, a significant delay should not be experienced in the initiation of surgical
Bones were covered in soft material, cellular; the disease was growing quickly on bones. Scientists discovered, the ash from volcanoes, has chocked them to death and Bruno Jabage was the cause of this, samples of ash
The disease I am going to discuss in this paper is Heterotopic Ossification (HO). According to Goodman, Fuller, and O’Shea (2012), Heterotopic Ossification is defined as bone formation in nonosseous tissues (forms the rigid part of the bones that make up the skeletal system), and is considered a benign condition of abnormal bone formation in soft tissue. (pg. 666)
A strategy to be able to do the research in a structured manner was set up. This was needed so to be able to view the research question and be able to answer it in a structured manner, for this reason concepts were identified and listed.
Also, at first the microorganism was classified as a fungus because of their tendency to produce branching filaments. In order for the bacteria to cause infection there has to be a break in the mucous membranes or skin and the presence of dead tissue to invade deeper body structures. This can happen with a bite, traumatic event, or because of a puncture wound. Once it penetrates into the deeper tissue, where there is less oxygen and it thrives, it begins to create colonies creating lumps in the jaws of cattle. In some cases pyrexia and has been reported. This disease does not only affect animals but humans as well. It is not classified as zoonotic because different strains of the bacteria affect humans and
Cellulitis is inflammation of tissues that are connected also, known as a common bacterial skin infection. It can be painful and sensitive when touched also red and swollen. Cellulitis is caused when a person has an open wound such as as cut, insect bite, surgical opening, that gets bacteria into the wound. Common risk factors of Cellulitis are a weakened immune system, diabetes, and skin conditions known as athlete's foot. There are many symptoms of Cellulitis such as shaking, chills, warm skin, redness of the skin, muscle aches, and lightheadedness. Doctors usually can look at the patient's skin and know if it is cellulitis or not. Most doctors perform an exam just to make sure. The exam might consist of checking if the skin is swollen, redness
In this essay i will talk about the different X-RAYs and scans many doctors use today to diagnose patients over the years. Through todays technology we are able to look at the many different reasons why we use the types of tests to properly diagnose patients.
If initial treatment unsuccessful and pain or warmth occurs at rest, a further diagnose will require to rule out other pathologies like MTSF (Tolbert & Binkley, 2009). May refer to MRI and orthopedist, which is able to detect swelling within soft tissue and bone. According to the assessments, a provisional diagnosis of MTSS was made.
This nursing diagnosis is appropriate for client, as he has struggled with pain for the last eight months. Osteoid osteoma is a painful experience that could have a domino effect on an adolescent psychosocial development as well, such as disturbed body image, powerlessness and low self-esteem. It is is crucial, especially during the adolescence period that this will be addressed and a proper intervention be placed, to alleviate the client’s physical pain, as well as preventing possible psychosocial issues of the adoslescent.