Jessie Boydell
Period 2
1/7/17
Origins Of Life Readings
Most scientists believed that life on Earth began in the water.
Jack Corliss’ big discovery changed his, and other scientist’ thoughts about where life on Earth might have begun, because it proved possible that in the hydrothermal vents, is where life could have begun.
The experiment conducted by Jay A. Brands and the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., put minerals and water into capsules with a bomb. This allowed it to disperse when it was at the bottom of the ocean. Brandes was trying to figure out if chemical reactions contributed to the creation of early life.
Bada’s main objection to Wachterhauser ideas about life beginning around deep ocean vents, was that the ocean's temperature caused chemicals to last so long, that life wouldn’t have been able to be
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It was also filled with poisonous gas.
The scientists’’ original thoughts on how deep in the earth living things could be found was 4,500 feet. They thought this because they had enough evidence to draw this conclusion.
The scientists discovered pebbles and rocks to be source of food for deep-living organisms.
The number of subterranean bacteria, is 4,500 animals, and 11,000 bacteria.
The three speculations resulting from the discoveries of the numbers and diversity of subterranean bacteria, are that that they could be ancestors to humans, the mass of the earth’s surface, and the mass of the earth’s crust may be the same or greater.
The two hazards that the scientist of this article faced where high temperatures, and high salt levels.
Some chemicals that bacteria use to combine with foods in order to release energy, are sulfate, nitrate, carbon dioxide, uranium, and ferric iron.
Onstott and the other scientists made sure that their samples were not contaminated by putting them in containers that were airtight, that contained 25 hydrogen and 98%
Ted Bieler’s Helix of Life (1971) that is located outside the Medical Sciences building at University of Toronto is a sculpture made from a light grey concrete material. Its color appears to be plain which happens to match the exterior of the Medical Sciences building as well. Due to the age of the sculpture, it shows lighter and darker gray dents and streaks near the top and bottom and where it bends. Some of the markings have been made from the material and texture of the sculpture. The material used, which was said previously, is cast concrete. Using concrete without any smooth surface tools creates a rougher and coarse texture which is why it has dents and holes when viewing it up close. As the viewer looks at the sculpture from afar, its
In 1977, a recent research by geochemists Eoghan Reeves, Jeff Seewald, and Jill McDermott at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) is the first to test a fundamental assumption of this ‘metabolism first’ hypothesis. This popular view says simple reaction emerged near ancient seafloor hot springs. These reactions presumably turned a nonliving world to a living one.
Biosphere The Realm Of Life. Authors: Robert A. Wallace, Jack L.King , Gerald P.Sanders – 1998
The Origin of Life has long been debated about. In result to that there are many hypotheses that each claim that’s how life started. Some of them claim life came from space, others from clay and even hydrothermal vents. However, they’re only theories which is why many experiments and research going into proving them. Many great minds such as Alexander Oparin, Gunter Wachtershauser, Robert Vrijenhoek and Louis Pasteur are the brains behind the hypotheses which is what makes them even more interesting to test out. The hypotheses that I researched were the Primordial Soup Hypothesis, the Iron-Sulfur World Hypothesis, the Deep Sea Vent Hypothesis, the RNA World Hypothesis, the Community Clay Hypothesis and the Panspermia Hypothesis.
...ledge about the history of our planet and its lifeforms calls for an approach in which the examination of countless possible alternatives plays an essential part.
Findings on Earth and other planets suggest extraterrestrial life could live in outer space, further encouraging scientists to proceed with their research. Discovering water is a great step for finding habitable planets. According to new studies, “Mars had a shallow pool of briny water on its surface long ago, NASA said in announcing what could be the strongest evidence yet that the now-dry Red Planet was once hospitable to life. ‘If we are correct in our interpretation, this was a habitable environment,’ Mr. Squyres said. These are the kinds of environments that are very suitable for life” (Bridges). Little evidence proves beings live on Mars now, but this dried up water source provides strong proof that Mars could have inhabited life in the past. Water is a key element of survival, and can also house marine life. Marine life could have simply died out when the water dried up. If Mars was truly inhabited by extraterrestrials long ago, then scientists cannot rule out living beings on any other planet in the universe, and must continue searching. Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons houses...
Primordial Soup Theory claims that life began in a pond or a ocean because of a combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and some form of energy to make amino acids, the monomers of proteins, which would then evolve into all the species. In this theory, the basic building blocks of life came from simple molecules which form the atmosphere.This was then energized by lightning and rain.According to this theory the first organism’s would have to be simple heterotrophs.They would become autotrophs through mutation.However,evidence now suggests that the first organisms were autotrophs..The scientists involved in the hypothesis were A.I Oparin,J.B.S.Haldane, Stanley Miller,Harold Urey, Sidney Fox.Oparin and Haldane both
Have you ever looked up in the sky and wondered if there is life elsewhere in the universe? Have you ever looked at a photograph of Mars and wondered if there really was ever life on it? People have a wide variety of opinions regarding these questions and with good reason. As far back as the broadcast of H. G. Well's novel, "The War of the Worlds", the world has been fascinated with the possibilities of what Mars may hold. Over time, the majority of people have come to realize that there is no way that life can currently be on Mars. Those who are uncertain think there may be microscopic bacteria underground.
There are several theories about how the Cambrian Explosion started. There were major changes in marine environments and chemistry from the late Precambrian into the Cambrian, and these also may have impacted the rise of mineralized skeletons among previously soft-bodied organisms. One theory as to what happened is that oxygen in the atmosphere, with the contribution of photosy...
These so-called “creation-scientists” have disputed the evidence in support of a young earth. They have added their own measurements and observations, as well as interpreted other scientists’ data, in an attempt to convince others of the possibility and ultimately, the “truth” of a young earth, one that is no more than 6,000 to 10,000 years old.
- - -. The Rise of Life on Earth. New York: New Directions, 1991. Print.
As the origins of life on earth remain a mystery, scientists have found ample evidence that supports the claim that the first life on earth came in the form of a single celled bacteria around 3.5 billion years ago (Deamer 38). As many scientist have theorized, life is thought to have begun in vernal pools, areas of stagnant and warm waters near volcanic vents (Deamer 25). According to David Dreamer in his book First Life Discovering the Connections Between Stars, Cells, and How Life Began, through recent research and ancient oral traditions of native peoples in Russia, stories of vernal pools containing a sludge like substance peaked the curiosity of the scientific committee (24). Upon examination of these substances, scientists concluded the substances to be a combinati...
- - - . "As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life." Bradley and Blodgett 253-256.
ECOSYSTEMS: Microbes obtain energy from their environment. Like humans, many microbes do this by eating plant and animal material. A typical microbe buffet consists of waste from humans and other animals, dead plants and animals, and food scraps. Bacteria, fungi and algae all take part in decomposing — or breaking down — this waste material. Without them, the world would quickly be overrun with discarded food scraps, raw sewage and dead organisms.
Gallagher, Richard B., Michael Murphy, and Luke O’Neill. "What Are We? Where Did We Come From? Where Are We Going?" Science 14 Jan. 1994: 181-183