The Primordial Soup Theory The primordial Soup theory was discovered in 1920. According to the Russian scientist A.I. Oparin and English Geneticist J.B.S. Haldane life started in a warm pond/ocean in a process that took place 3.8 billion years ago. A combination of chemicals made fatty acids which made protein. In this process a molecule was born in the atmosphere. The molecule was energized with lightning and rain making “organic soup”. The first organisms would have to be simple heterotrophs in order to survive. To test this theory Chemist Stanley Miller and Physicist Harold Urey did a famous experiment in 1950. Mixing Methane, Ammonia, Water, and Hydrogen. Then the sparked the mixture to signify lightning. The result was amino acids. The Panspermia Theory The Panspermia theory suggests life seeds came from outer space. The word …show more content…
panspermia means seeds everywhere. Scientist Sales Gyon de Montlivault proposed life came from the moon. H.E. Richter said life came from comets. The first known mention of the concept of panspermia was in the writings of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (500 BC – 428 BC), although his concept differs from the modern theory. Svante Arrhenius came up with the modern theory of Panspermia. The Iron Sulfur World Hypothesis The iron sulfur theory of the origin of life was put forward by Gunter Wachtershauser.
Linking with the idea of hydrothermal vents being a 'reactor' for RNA hydrothermal vents rely on chemical energy from geothermal vents to sustain a organisms. Swarms of bacteria thrive in this environment which acts as an interface between the high temperature vents and cold oxygenated seawater. The bacteria thrive on gases produced by the vents such as methane and use these chemicals to produce simple organic molecules to support the local ecosystem in a similar way to plants using photosynthesis. Wachtershauser has proposed that a biochemical cycle grew and assembled the first living cell. The Deep Sea Vent Hypothesis In 1977, a recent research by geochemists Eoghan Reeves, Jeff Seewald, and Jill McDermott at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) is the first to test a fundamental assumption of this ‘metabolism first’ hypothesis. This popular view says simple reaction emerged near ancient seafloor hot springs. These reactions presumably turned a nonliving world to a living one. RNA World
Hypothesis Another popular theory among scientists is the RNA world hypothesis. This theory begins with self replicating RNA molecules. RNA is one of the three major molecules along with DNA and proteins, that are required for lifeRNA is generally a single strand instead of a double strand and uses slightly different sugars. The self replicating RNA and a selection of pressures evolved into a more stable DNA. Community Clay Theory Cornell University scientists might have unraveled the mystery around formation of life on earth. Their research suggests that clay supported the synthesis of biochemicals. Recently, a Texas Tech University researcher had presented a study describing the evolution of basic organisms, which suggested that key molecules came on earth from space and the planet provided the right conditions for them to jump-start life. However, nobody has been able to explain how inorganic molecules suddenly got together to form complex life.
This way both of the bacteria organisms would be benefiting from a form of symbiosis. Other studies show that prior to the Cambrian Explosion of Eukaryote Organisms the oxygen levels began to soar immensely at about 2.5 billion years ago, followed by the first nucleated cell 1.5 billion years ago. Another important factor to this theory is one discovery made by a professor Kwang Jeon of the University of Tennessee. In 987 he noticed that his amoeba collection were developing large numbers of dots. These dots later turned out to be a bacterial invasion, they began killing of the professor's collection.
The next theory that he disproved was the “Primordial Soup Theory”. Sir Fred Hoyle scoffed at the ridiculous atheistic notion when he said, “The notion that a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial organic soup here on earth is evidently nonsense of a high order.” “There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet, nor on any other, and if the beginning of life were not random, life must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence” (Donyes
Philip G. Fothergill, Historical Aspects of Organic Evolution, pub. 1953 by the Philosophical Library Inc., 15 East 40th Street, New York, NY
The Precambrian Era is when the Earth formed. Earth was barley a spec of dust in outer space and as time went by it gathered ice, rock and more dust particles. It eventually formed into a big rock flying around in space. The Earth was extremely hot and so when it rained the rain would evaporate in mid air or immediately after it hit the ground. But even though it evaporated these great rains cooled the Earth eventually building up water in lower areas creating oceans. The Earths atmosphere was water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and gases. After awhile oxygen level grew in the atmosphere. The earliest life forms were single celled organisms that lived in the oceans. These organisms used light energy to produce food called photosynthesis. These were called Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The evolution of multi celled organisms were Dramatic in change.
The Cambrian explosion is challenging for biologists to interpret because it poses a problem that it seems to be inconsistent with the understood gradual pace of evolutionary change. Even though there is this major difference from this occurrence compared to the ‘normal’ evolutionary model, it doesn’t mean it cannot happen. There has been o...
Linden, Eugene. "Ideas: How the Earth Maintains Life an Intriguing Scientific Theory Continues to Win Adherents." {Time} 13 Nov. 1989: 114.
Audesirk, T. (2003). Life on Earth. In (Ed.), (3rd ed., pp. 581-620). New York: Pearson Custom Publishing - Prentice Hall, Inc..
They examined how much iron, molybdenum and other metals were in the environments. “These proxies seemed to indicate that oxygen concentrations in the oceans rose in several steps, approaching today's sea-surface concentrations at the start of the Cambrian, around 541 million years ago — just before more-modern animals suddenly appeared and diversified. This supported the idea of oxygen as a key trigger for the evolutionary explosion ”(Fox).
According to scientists, one of the most extraordinary bursts of evolution ever known was the Cambrian Explosion. For most of the nearly 4 billion years that life has existed on Earth, evolution produced little beyond bacteria, plankton, and multi-celled algae. Then, about between 570 and 530 million years ago, another burst of diversification occurred. This stunning period is termed the "Cambrian explosion," taking the name of the geological age in which the earlier part occurred. A recent study revealed that life evolved during the Cambrian Period at a rate about five times faster than today. But it was certainly not as rapid as an explosion; the changes seems to have taken around 30 million years, and some stages took 5 to 10 million years. The Cambrian explosion was a period of time where life evolved into numerous multifaceted organisms that developed into the vertebrates and human life as we know today.
In ancient times, lightning was seen as a tool of the gods. In Viking legend, it was Thor’s hammer striking an anvil in the sky that was responsible for lightning. For the Greeks, it was Zeus who threw lightning down to the earth. North American Indian tribes thought that lightning was produced by a mystical bird with flashing feathers whose flapping caused thunder. Even now, hundreds of years after the first scientific work with lightning, people remain in awe of its power. In the 18th century, the first systematic scientific study of lightning was carried out by Benjamin Franklin. Before Franklin’s experiments, electrical science had grown to the point of separating positive and negative charges, and had developed primitive capacitors. The sparks produced in laboratories were noted as similar to lightning, but it was Franklin who designed an experiment to prove that lightning was electrical.
"You idiot!" A man shouted. "I said 'screwdriver', not whatever the hell this is!" His throat was becoming awfully sore from shouting at a younger man searching through the toolbox for a screwdriver, he was grabbing everything but the screwdriver. A green skinned alien named Sour sat in a seat which reminded him of the 'timeout chair' in kindergarten, which he called Jail. The last thing Sour could remember was that he was knocked out, someone had hit him in the back of the head with a hammer. The angry man continued to shout at the young gentleman, until he noticed that Sour was awake. "Sir!" The young man screamed over his Boss's shouting, "He is awake!" His boss turned around to Sour. The man had skin that was starting to wrinkle around his eyes, and he wore thick round glasses. On top of all that, he wore a silly navy blue hat. He had the worst teeth Sour had ever seen, but Sour hadn't seen real humans before. "Where am I?" Sour hissed, he was irritated from being woken. The younger man walked up to Sour. The Alien boy could see that his blue hair somehow had the word blue writt...
Early Life: The Cambrian Period is a nonfiction book written by Thom Holmes and published in 2008. The book explores the Cambrian Period, an exciting time span in Earth’s history. During this time period the basis of all life originated. In his introduction Holmes sets the foundation for the book. Also, providing the readers with a general idea of the topics to be discussed. He states that Early Life: The Cambrian Period “draws from the latest research to tell the compelling story of Earth’s earliest organisms and their enormous importance to understanding other species of life that have evolved since”, giving readers a small insight to his commitment to thoroughly explain each step
“The existing nationalism literature is a conceptual labyrinth characterized by questionable instruments, lack of empirical data, and poor explanatory power”
This hypothesis emerged when scientists found organic molecules in meteorites from the universe. Some investigators wondered if the abiotic production of organic materials in the soil was absolutely basic to the origin of life. Maybe some organic materials from elsewhere in the universe had arrived in the early earth.