Ontology And Epistemology Essay

929 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Epistemology research philosopy

3.1.3.2 Ontology and Epistemology
The basic system of ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological assumptions with which researchers approach the study reflects by (Guba and Lincoln, 1994, Creswell, 1998, Creswell, Hanson, Clark Plano and Morales, 2007, Patton, 2002, Savage, 2006, Vasilachis de Gialdino, 1992).

It is considered that most of the questions are social sciences pose has different answers depending on paradigm. Epistemology raises many questions as follows:
1) How reality can be known.
2) The relationship between what is not known and what is known.
3) The characteristics, principles and the assumptions that guide the process of knowing and the achievement of the findings.
4) The possibility of the process are being shared and repeated by others in order to assess.
5) The quality of the research and the reliability of those findings.
According to (Schmidts, 2001, Miller and Fredericks, 2002) the epistemological reflection does not seek universality or a finished discipline. The challenges faced by most researchers is to intend to know are unprecedented, registered, observed, understood by existing theories and concepts by available methodological strategies (Vasilachis de Gialdino, 2007).

(Vasilachis de Gialdino, 1992) argued that social sciences require that particular epistemological reflections are approached from characteristic theoretical developments. Such reflections that are present practical activity are closely linked with the elucidation of the paradigms in the production of every discipline. The researcher defined those paradigms as the theoretical methodological framework used to interpret social phenomena in the context of a given society.
(Vasilachis de Gialdino, 2009) also suggest t...

... middle of paper ...

... Treasury Fiscal Review (2011)

ii) Before South Africa’s first democratic elections, hostipatals were assigned to particular racial groups and most were concentrated in white areas. It had 14 different health departments and the health system was fragmented. During 1994 the dismantling of the old health care system and the transformation of the inclusive health care was introduced. However high level of poverty amongst Africans and unemployment mean health care remains largely the burden of the South African government.

iii) The department of Health is focused on implementing an improved health system. How the National Health Insurance (NHI) will it promote equity and efficiency to ensure that South Africans have access to affordable, quality health care service regardless of their employment status and ability to make a direct monetary contribution to the NHI?

Show More
Related

  • Watson and Rayner’s Classical Study with Llittle Albert

    1737 Words  | 4 Pages

    In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.

    Read More

  • Social Research

    1830 Words  | 4 Pages

    Taking Two Of The Theoretical Approaches To Social Research Discussed In The Module, Demonstrate The Connections Between Their Ontological, Epistemological And Methodological Assumptions. Which Method Or Methods Would Proponents Of Each Theory Favour As A Result Of Their Assumptions.

    Read More

  • Problems With the U.S. Healthcare System

    1646 Words  | 4 Pages

    National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...

    Read More

  • Essay On The Concept Of Knowledge

    1078 Words  | 3 Pages

    Knowledge is defined as information and skills one acquires through experience or education. There is; however, a certain knowledge than cannot be certain and is unjustifiable from the scientific perspective. Karen Armstrong, Robert Thurman, and Azar Nafisi wrote about this type of knowledge in their essays: “Homo Religiosus,” “Wisdom,” and “Reading Lolita in Tehran,” respectively. Each of these authors has a different view of what knowledge is exactly, how it can be achieved, and what it means to have achieved it, but each author takes on the view that the concept of knowledge should be viewed from a social stance. Armstrong refers to this uncertain knowledge as “myth,” Thurman refers to it as “wisdom,” and Nafisi refers to it as “upsilamba";

    Read More

  • Social Work Reflective Paper

    764 Words  | 2 Pages

    In social science, there are several paradigms, each with its own unique ontological and epistemological perspective. Examples of paradigms include positivism which focuses on objectivity, know ability, and deductive logic. Its assumption is that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically (Ritzer, 2004). Critical paradigm’s main emphasis is on power, inequality, and social change. It is of the assumption that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind (Calhoun, 2007). Social constructionism paradigm’ s main emphasis is that truth as varying, socially constructed, and ever-changing and is of the assumption that reality is created collectively and that social context and interaction frame our realities (Berger, 1966).

    Read More

  • Critical Appraisal Of A Qualitative Nursing

    975 Words  | 2 Pages

    order to make an informed decision about the value of the research. Further, it will be argued

    Read More

  • Determinants Of Health And Social Health

    1142 Words  | 3 Pages

    ...on, race, and political belief, economic or social condition. Improving the poor health of disadvantaged individuals and reducing health gaps is important but not enough to level up health through socioeconomic groups. The objective of tackling health inequalities can be changed to local needs and priorities of a community allowing wide-ranging partnerships of support to be organised. However it needs to be made clear that what can be done to help improve the life chances and health prospects of individuals living in poverty may not come close to bringing their health prospects closer to the average of the rest of the population or prevent the gap living on throughout the generations. Being clear about what is trying to be overcome and achieved needs upmost importance in the development and delivery of policies that will promote health equality across the population.

    Read More

  • Lenore Walker's Theory Of Domestic Violence

    2231 Words  | 5 Pages

    This assumption of the researcher and the subject working from similar frameworks can be problematic in certain research situations. (Pelto & Pelto, 1970), but the field of anthropology is informant focused. Cognitive anthropology, defined as “the study of how peoples of different cultures acquire information about the world (cultural transmission), how they process that information and reach decisions, and how they act on that information in ways that other members of their culture consider appropriate” (Bernard, 1988, p. 226), takes ethnography to a deeper level. Not only is culture observation happening, but people’s thoughts, behaviors, and the meanings attached to these are also examined (Weller & Romney, 1988). In the discipline, this is known as the emic approach which means that “the people’s definition of meaning, their idea systems, are seen as the most important ‘causes’ or explanations for behavior” (Pelto & Pelto, 1970, p. 62). On the other hand, an etic perspective runs the risk of the researcher imposing their expectations or assumptions on the informants. This research will utilize a combination of the two in order to better assess cultural models and what they mean for future

    Read More

  • Structural Functionalism Research Paper

    579 Words  | 2 Pages

    Theories in sociology sometime provide us with the different perspectives with which to view our social...

    Read More

  • What are Ontology and Epistemology?

    1722 Words  | 4 Pages

    The study of any particular science involves embracing particular and specific ontology, epistemology and methodologies that are different from each other. Ontology is the concept that defines and explains the essential types of truth (Blaikie 2009). Every field of science constitutes its own ontology and in most cases two types of ontology exists: formal ontology and domain ontology (Blaikie 2009). Formal ontology type of research always postulates something general related to reality while on the other hand domain ontology postulate something specific with regard to different types of truths (Blaikie 2009). On its part epistemology constitute a science concept that defines how human and the general population of the world know and reason the particular truth. The two concepts are differentiated by particular assumptions that are associated with each of them. For instance assumptions associated with ontology include: shallow realist, conceptual realist, cautious realist, depth realist and idealist (Blaikie 2009). On the other hand assumptions related to epistemology include: empiricism, rationalism, falsificationism, neo-realism and constructionism (Blaikie 2009). Therefore the purpose of this essay will be to define objectivism and inteprativism as related to ontology, define positivism and interpretavism as related to epistemology, explain how ontology and epistemology are linked and how they influence each other, before lastly looking at how important ontology and epistemology are.

    Read More

  • Practical Reason

    1678 Words  | 4 Pages

    The latter standpoint is occupied when we engage in reasoning that is directed at the resolution of questions that are in some sense theoretical rather than practical; but how are we to understand this opposition between the theoretical and the practical? One possibility is to understand theoretical reflection as reasoning about questions of explanation and prediction. Looking backward to events

    Read More

  • Epistemology Essay

    1597 Words  | 4 Pages

    Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge. Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. Much of the debate in epistemology centers on four areas: the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification, various problems of skepticism, the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and the criteria for knowledge and justification. Epistemology addresses such questions as "What makes justified beliefs justified?", "What does it mean to say that we know something?" and fundamentally "How do we know that we know?"

    Read More

  • Epistemology: Reflecting on Knowledge

    1213 Words  | 3 Pages

    Epistemology helped me investigate the procedure I went through for crafting the essays. I referred to books, online articles, journal and other publications to understand and justify the concepts and information. It helped me distinguish between what is false, what is true across diverse contexts, and to decide the boundaries of knowledge based on how that knowledge is acquired. I also evaluated the truthfulness of my beliefs and personal opinion. I am actuated by understanding the sources of knowledge and also the quality of the resulting knowledge – knowing its dimensions and limitations.

    Read More

  • Investigative Problem Essay

    1239 Words  | 3 Pages

    The most significant feature of an investigative study is the precision and simplicity of the investigative problem. For a brief assertion, it definitely has a great deal of influence on the study. The statement of the problem is the central position of the study. The problem statement should affirm what will be studied, whether the study will be completed by means of experimental or non-experimental analysis, and what the reason and function of the results will bring. As an element of the opening, profound problem declarations satisfies the query of why the study should to be performed. The reason of this essay is to discuss the features of an investigative problem; in addition, the essay will center on what constitutes a researchable problem; the components of a well formed Statement of Research Problem; and, what constitutes a reasonable theoretical framework for the need of a study.

    Read More

  • Research Philosophy

    745 Words  | 2 Pages

    Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.

    Read More

More about Ontology And Epistemology Essay

Open Document