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How climate change is affecting the oceans with increased acidification
Effect of global warming on ocean chemistry
Conclusion for ocean acidification
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Ocean acidification is caused by an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is also sometimes called “climate changes evil twin.” The process and how ocean acidification is formed and made is because one fourth of co2 is released by burning oil, gas, and coal doesn’t stay in the air but dissolved into the ocean salt water. This process has the effect of the PH level dropping.
The procedure of this lab experiment has five different steps. The first step in this process is to gather the materials which are cups, shells, acid, measuring spoons, and an electronic balance. The next step in the procedure is to put the acid in three different cups cup A one whole cup, cup B one fourth of a cup, cup C one half tbs. The third step is to put 120
Experiment: First prepared a well plate with the appropriate amounts of distilled water, HCl, and Na2S2O3 in each well according to the lab manual. The well where the reaction
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
For this experiment, you will add the measured amount of the first sample to the measured amount of the second sample into its respectively labeled test tube then observe if a reaction occurs. In your Data Table, record the samples added to each test tube, describe the reaction observed, if any, and whether or not a chemical reaction took place.
In the pH homeostasis lab, 6 experiments were conducted. The hypotheses were: If base is added to water then the pH will increase; If acid is added to water then the pH will decrease; If base is added to homogenate, then the pH will increase; If acid is added to homogenate, then the pH will decrease; If acid or base is added to buffer, then the pH will remain the same. After the experiments were conducted, the graphs were somewhat similar to the hypotheses.
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
The reduction in photosynthesising biomass led to an increased reliance on the Worlds other carbon sink, Oceans. Between 26-44% of CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by oceans by photosynthesising organisms, mainly phytoplankton (Archer, D. and Pierrehumbert, R., 2011), seawater chemically reacts with aqueous Carbon Dioxide, one of the end products is Hydrogen ions (H+) (NOAA, 2013). The increased concentration of H+ results in the ocean becoming more acidic, since pH is determined by concentration of Hydrogen ions.
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., ... & Watson, A. (2005). Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The Royal Society
The beginning of the industrial revolution resulted in an increase in the amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere due to an increase in industrial and agricultural productions. The ocean absorbs approximately 32% of the CO2 that is released from burning fossil fuels into the atmosphere each year, and thus the dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2 is coupled with an equally drastic increase of CO2 absorbed by the ocean. Ocean acidification is simply the process of the chemical change in seawater caused by the absorption of CO2 (Schlesinger & Bernhardt, 1997).
The sole reason for the change in atmospheric temperature can be attributed to Carbon Dioxide emissions. Ocean acidification has occurred due to chemical changes in oceans. Highly concentrated carbonic acid is the product formed due to CO2 entering into the oceans and reacting with water.
Next I will measure out different concentrations of acid, these concentrations are, 30ml acid no water, 25ml acid 5ml water, 20ml acid 10ml water and 15ml acid 15ml water. I will then put the powdered marbled chips in the chronicle flask along with the acid and put the stopper on top. I will then record how long it takes for it to fill the measuring cylinder up. I will repeat each experiment 4 times so I can work out an average
Ocean acidification is defined as “…the perturbation to the ocean carbonate system directly caused by ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere.” (Turley) Overtime, our oceans have become more acidic due to rapidly evolving technology and a growing dependence on fossil fuel. In fact, our “oceans have become 26% more acidic since the start of the Industrial Revolution.” (Cullinane) Unfortunately, this acidity continues to rise and “…the pH of surface oceans…is projected to drop another 0.3–0.4 pH units by the end of this century, [which] has not occurred for more than 20 million years of Earth's history.” (Guinotte) Why our oceans today so acidic and what can we to control these pH levels?
We are trying to find out how much acid it takes to neutralise the alkaline. But there are many things that could affect my final result and I think that the main thing will be measuring the acid and alkali accurately so that the experiment was fair. Prediction We planned the experiment as a class and so we have all predicted that the same thing will happen to the results. But a few of us disagreed. and I was one of them.
Think of marine chemistry as a balance. Both sides of the balance need just the right weight to maintain equilibrium. Now imagine the weights on each side of the balance are variables such as nutrients and that the balance itself is the ocean. If there is too much of one nutrient, the balance tips too far one way, therefore causing the chemistry of the ocean to be thrown off. The chemistry of the ocean is what drives its overall function. If there is too much of one thing or too little of another, the ocean ceases to function properly. One major factor that tips the oceans chemical balance is human activity.
The coral reefs of the world are of vast importance because they host 25% of all marine life on the planet. Now that corals have been briefly described, we can see why the effects of climate change damage coral reef systems. Ocean acidification is a result of climate change. Acidification is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide in our oceans and leads to a decrease in the pH levels of seawater. This pH decrease reduces the ability of corals to make their hard skeletons.
Firstly, we need to keep the chemical at a constant concentration. So, in this experiment we have chosen to keep hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration (5cm3). We could have, however, used Sodium Thiosulphate as a constant, but we had chosen to use Hydrochloric acid. Next, we must make sure that the solution is kept at a constant volume throughout the experiment. If the volume is different, then it could give different results if it was at a constant volume.