Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The history of race essay
The history of race essay
Race ethnicity and society
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The history of race essay
According to the Advanced English Dictionary, race equals a people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock. Every Homo sapiens living on this third rock from the Sun contain the like number of internal organs and exterior features, unless deprived of these items by accident, war, or even a genetic error with the only true difference is the pigmentation of the largest organ the human body possesses: the epidermis. As stated by Louis L. Snyder, “No one race contains all superior or all inferior individuals” (31). The misconception of an inferior people due to the pigmentation of their skin, their religious beliefs or their geographic location has not been a new line of thought, rather quite the contrary, since the ancient Greeks to modern-day Christians humanity has developed and nurtured traits encouraging the growth of prejudices toward their fellow man; howbeit differences in appearance, opportunities, or birthplace in no way creates an inferior sub-species of the human race. Perhaps, the truth would be a personification of uneducated and blind people wreaking havoc upon the less fortunate revealing in those who practice such belittling prejudices; he/she without sin, cast the first stone or be careful of the image that looks back at you in the mirror. Snyder states: “There was little consciousness of race before the sixteenth century. The ancient world was a small world in which physical differences were not noticeable” (25). Yet, the Graeco-Roman peoples not being much different in appearance with the tribes of the north considered the Celts to be barbarians. British historian and statesman, Lord Bryce summed up the early conflicts of warring factions as: "However much men of different races may have striven wit... ... middle of paper ... ...ter circumstances that no proofs can be stated for the existence of innate or inborn racial differences” (31). Today’s views of ‘racialism’ concur with Snyder’s view of fifty years ago supported by the vast undertaking of collecting DNA samples from across the globe and once all the findings are published the result will be surprising to those non-believers of the unity of the human race. Prejudice is not innate—prejudice is taught. Whether the difference be in the color of one’s skin or the religion he or she practices or dietary preferences—bias is not innate but bitterly taught by one’s parents, culture, and environment. Works Cited Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T., Africa in World History. Third Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, 2012. Snyder, Louis L., THE IDEA OF RACIALISM Its Meaning and History. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1962.
Culture, Not Race, Explains Human Diversity, Mark Nathan Cohen, Chronicle of Higher Education, April 17, 1998, pp.B4-B5. The term race refers to a biological subdivision of a species. At one time, scientists held that there were as few as three such subdivisions in the species Homo sapiens: Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid. Mark Anthony Cohen points out that this is an antiquated view, yet it lingers as a common belief in society. Mark Nathan Cohen makes an interesting point in his article “Culture, Not Race, Explains Human Diversity”. While the article does deal wholly in the realm of the opinion, it is supported by numerous scientific facts. In fact, Cohen’s usual method of drawing in a reader is to make a blanket statement and then “beef it up” with several scientific facts.
Mazrui, Ali A. "The Re-Invention of Africa: Edward Said, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Beyond." Research in African Literatures 36, no. 3 (Autumn 2005): 68-82.
The "DBQ Project" What Is the Driving Force Behind European Imperialism in Africa? (2012): 257. pp. 177-177. Print.
Shelby, T. (2002) “Is Racism in the Heart?” In G. L. Bowie, M. W. Michaels, and R. C. Solomon (Eds.), Twenty Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy (479-483). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
Race-thinking: what is it? Isn’t the world past the issue of race? Do races even exist and if so, what does it mean to have a racial identity? Is colorblindness possible and how important is it? These are the questions Paul Taylor addresses in the book “Race: A Philosophical Introduction”. Paul Taylor is a self-proclaimed “radical constructionist” who will maintain that race is very real in our world and in the United States as a whole (p. 80). Taylor takes care to ensure he addresses the real needs concerning racial dynamics in the U.S., referencing historical events, prevailing policy affairs, and even pop culture to explain that everyone capable of forming opinions ought to have some sort of grasp of the concept of race-thinking. As Taylor will analyze, race and race-thinking “has shaped and continues to shape private interactions as well as the largest political choices” (p. 8). In other words, race-thinking encompasses everything we do and every interaction we have. In this paper I will attempt to interpret and expound Taylor’s views and definitions of race, concepts associated with race, and input my own interpretations as they are appropriate.
Wilkins, Roger. “Racism.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 572 (2000): 159. Sage Publications, Inc. Web. 25 Mar. 2014
John Philippe Rushton was a Psychology professor at the University of Western Ontario who became generally known for his research on apparent forms of racial variation. Rushton’s book, Race, Evolution, and Behavior (1995), describes his r/k selection theory on how Mongoloids, Negroids, and Caucasoids obtain their evolutionary characteristics. Many critiques and reviews targeted Rushton for his controversial work; including articles from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1989). During his early career, Rushton began researching hereditary aspects of altruism; thereby, developing the Genetic Similarity Theory. “Altruism defined as behavior carried out to benefit others, in extreme form altruism involves self-sacrifice. In humans altruistic behavior ranges from everyday kindnesses, through sharing scarce resources, to giving up one's life to save others (Rushton 1989).” This theory was a direct extension of William Donald Hamilton’s Kin Selection Theory. Throughout Rushton’s literature there is a constant pattern of faulty conclusions, citations from his own work, sources that have been outdated, undeterminable measurements, and broad, vague assumptions. The consistency of these complications affected his reputation severely. Rushton appeared to void out any socio-economic factors that could influence his generalizations. Analyzing his Genetic Similarity Theory and evaluating all credible sources, one will find many errors and misconceptions.
Race: The Power of an Illusion was an interesting 3 part film. After watching this, it made me questioned if race was really an illusion or not. It is absolutely taboo to think that the one thing that separates people the most may be a myth in itself. “We can 't find any genetic markers that are in everybody of a particular race and in nobody of some other race. We can 't find any genetic markers that define race.” (Adelman and Herbes Sommers 2003). Racism is something created in the U.S made to create supremacy for the creator. Racism is not just the way someone thinks, it is something that has is manifested in our society to separate us and can be traced to our everyday activities.
Through research of DNA samples, scientists have been able to declare that race is not biologically constructed due to the similarities between human genes. Nevertheless, in reality, people still emphasized on biological aspects such as skin color, or hair texture to categorize others into different races. This in turn, denied the true identity of race, which it is culturally constructed. Ethnicity, by definition is also culturally constructed, therefore it greatly resemble race. There is no real clear line to distinct the two.
...lieve that races are distinct biological categories created by differences in genes that people inherit from their ancestors. Genes vary, but not in the popular notion of black, white, yellow, red and brown races. Many biologist and anthropologists have concluded that race is a social, cultural and political concept based largely on superficial appearances. (4)
Trupin, James E. West Africa - A Background Book from Ancient Kingdoms to Modern Times, Parent's Magazine Press. New York, 1991.
The concept of race is an ancient construction through which a single society models all of mankind around the ideal man. This idealism evolved from prejudice and ignorance of another culture and the inability to view another human as equal. The establishment of race and racism can be seen from as early as the Middle Ages through the present. The social construction of racism and the feeling of superiority to people of other ethnicities, have been distinguishably present in European societies as well as America throughout the last several centuries.
... human nature to immediately notice why others are different from oneself and because of this, bigotry and segregation will never truly cease to exist and that manipulation over the human genome will only exacerbate this.
Race is a term that references on differences such as, facial characteristics, skin color, and other related characteristics. Race is not in reference to genetic make up. A feature of race as a social construct is that it down plays the extent to which sectors of population may form a discrete ethnic group. Based on specific characteristics race makes up a person and differs within groups. In other words race is a large group of people distinguished from others on the basic of a common heritage or physical trait.
The New Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 1880-1914. Jeff Taylor, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.