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Social construction of masculinity and femininity
Suicide rates among youths
Social theoretical perspective on masculinity
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Globally, there is a growing trend; some may even suggest an epidemic of youth suicide. However, it is more notable to mention, it is an increase in young male suicide compared to all other suicide that is troublesome. Over the past 30 years in Australia, suicide rates for the male age range of 15-24 years old has steadily increased and now accounts for 20% of one in five of all deaths in this age range. (Australian Government, 2007). However, Australia isn’t alone in this trend, youth suicide is among the first to third leading killer of young people, especially males, in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and many Western European countries (Gruber, 2001) Additionally, suicide is the second largest killer for the age group of 10-24 year old males worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2014). Although there are many factors that contribute to this growing trend such as, socio-economic status, location, race and culture, this paper will explore the affects that socially constructed ideas of masculinity have on the well-being of both children and adults (Courtenay, 2000). This paper will make reference to the historical, political and social construction of masculinities and include references to the local, national and global response to the growing trend of male youth suicide. Furthermore, a critical reflection will be provided that includes the understandings of the construction of masculinities, a recount of the research process and a discussion of new understandings about masculinities and what it is to be a global citizen. Finally, this paper will provide a lesson plan which reflects understandings of civics and citizenship with a specific focus on the area that has been researched throughout this essay, in the attempt to ...
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... (2012). Men and suicide. Why it is a social issue. Retrieved April 2014 from: http://www.samaritans.org/sites/default/files/kcfinder/files/Samaritans_Men_and_Suicide_
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Shuster, C., (2000). Emotions Count: Scaffolding Children’s Representations of Themselves and Their Feelings to Develop Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved April 2014 from: http://ecap.crc.illinois.edu/pubs/katzsym/shuster.pdf
United Nations, (1990). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, USA. United Nations General Assembly
World Health Organisation, (2014). Mental Health: Suicide Prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved April 2014 from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
Zambo, D. & Brozo, W., G. (2009). Bright Beginnings for Boys. Engaging Young Boys in Early Literacy. Newark, USA. International Reading Association Inc.
Good afternoon, today I will be discussing the perceptions of masculinity and the need to take responsibility for one’s own actions.
The concept of masculinity is considered as the qualities and characteristics of a man, typical what is appropriate to a man. In this article, A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review, The author Eric S. Mankowski and Kenneth I. Maton, analyze four main themes: "Men as gendered beings, the privilege and damage of being a masculine man, men as a privileged group, and men’s power and subjective powerlessness. The second and fourth themes are described as
Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K. (2014). Infancy. In Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (p. 158). Australia: Wadsworth.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, men are more likely to drink in excess than women, leading to “higher rates of alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations.” Every day, 3 or more boys commit suicide. For boys, suicide is the third leading cause of death. Studies have shown that “males take their own lives at nearly four times the rate of females and comprise approximately 80 percent of all suicides and suicide attempts among women are estimated to be three to four times higher than that of their male counterparts.” Boys and men who hide behind a mask everyday have a lot of emotions bottled up that need to be released, which can lead them to be aggressive or violent.
... E Glenn, and Nancy B Sherrod. The psychology of men and masculinity:Research status and future directions. New York: John Wiley and sons, 2001.
98 percent of mass murderers are men. According to Time in 2014, almost all rampage killers are men.This statistic startled me as I read "Toxic Masculinity and Murder" by James Hamblin of The Atlantic. In essence, this one figure demonstrates that masculinity is "a more common feature than any of the elements that tend to dominate discourse—religion, race, nationality, political affiliation, or any history of mental illness."
In a study released by Brown University, their psychology department shed some light on common myths and facts surrounded suicide. These m...
A 17 year old boy, Douglas Stewart, came home from school to find his mother lying on the sofa with a strained back. Being concerned for her he rubbed her back briefly then put on some easy listening music. Douglas then proceeded downstairs to his bedroom. Two of his friends came to the door. His mother waited to see if he would return to answer it; minutes later she answered and then yelled for him to come up. When he did not come, she went downstairs to get him. That is when she found him strangled and her son’s body dangling from the ceiling. This is a senseless tragic sight for a mother to endure. The mortality rate from suicide in 1996 showed 9.5 per 100,000 for 15-19 year olds. This also shows boys are four times more likely to commit suicide then girls. However, girls are twice as likely to attempt suicide. (American 1996) It is imperative to reverse this trend and in doing so we need to understand the characteristics, behaviors and events associated with youth suicide.
“Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.” - Phil Donahue. As a complex, tragic public health issue, suicide occurs in men significantly more often than in women. Suicide is simply defined as the act of intentionally ending one’s own life, but the factors that play into a person making that decision are anything but simple. The most obvious and severe effect of suicide is the loss of a valuable, meaningful human life. According to Harvard School of Public Health (n.d.), suicide affects parents, children, siblings, friends, lovers and spouses; the loss for society is psychological, spiritual, and financial. People who lose a loved one to suicide often experience devastating effects and deal with a complex grief. These “suicide survivors” typically feel a range of emotions from sadness, blame, and guilt to extreme anger and confusion. “Suicide among males is four times higher than among females and represents 79% of all U.S. suicides” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2012). This gender paradox is one of the most compelling components regarding who is most at risk to attempt suicide. Why is it that men commit suicide more often than women? More than four times as many men as women die by suicide because depressed men are less likely to seek out help, men typically use more violent, lethal methods and cannot be resuscitated, and men carry the pressure of employment, providing for and protecting a family, and maintaining relationships.
The idea of youth committing suicide mystifies our societal logic. We do not understand the reasons why youth -normally associated with energy, determination and possibilities- turn to such a final act as a solution. Suicide eventually enters all of our lives, either directly or indirectly. However, the situation becomes more cruel and unfair when a youth commits suicide. We can not help but think of the opportunities and potential lost so swiftly for one so young. Although adolescent suicide is a current crisis in today’s Canadian society, youth for all of history and in all cultures have resorted to this ultimate form of self-destruction. Clearly we have and always have had, a teenage dilemma needing desperate attention. Canada is currently in a youth suicide crisis situation. Our suicide rates are above that of the United States as well as other auspicious countries. For example, in young men aged fifteen to nineteen, the rate of suicide “is 60 percent higher than in the United States.”1 UNICEF has declared that adolescent suicide is Canada’s major tragedy. Our youth are unable to cope and unable to successfully find the kind of help they need to help themselves. The results are tragic and unnecessary.
So begin the episodes of anguished soul-searching, of horrific "if-onlys" experienced by the family members of countless suicides. Anyone who has faced what Mr. and Mrs. A now grapple with knows that the girl is wrong: they will not be better off, not feel happier, without her. Yet each year, thousands of suicide victims express similar convictions: I am killing myself, they reassure us, for your own good. This thinking – this appeal for selflessness that our society cannot condone – where does it come from? Why, in truth, do people kill themselves?
United Nations (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child.[online] Available at: [Accessed 1 April 2014].
Gender, sex, gender roles, masculine, and feminine; these are all things that can be shaped by society. Your gender roles can change, but not your sex; that is given at birth. If gender is shaped a certain way, then that changes us to fit those societal norms of gender roles, masculinity and femininity, patriarchy, and how to maintain this gender order.
Early childhood reveals a distinctive opportunity for the foundation of a healthy development and a time of immense growth and of helplessness. In early childhood, children begin to learn what causes emotions and begin noticing others reactions to these feelings. They begin to learn to manage and control their feelings in self regulation. Emotional self regulation refers to the strategies used to adjust emotions to a contented level so goals can be accomplished. This requires voluntary, effortless management of emotions (Berk, 2007). Promoting young children’s social-emotional development is essential for three interconnected reasons: Positive social-emotional development provides a base for life-long learning; Social skills and emotional self-regulation are integrally related to later academic success in school, Prevention of future social and behavioral difficulties is more effective than later remediation (U.S Department of Health and Human Services). Research on early childhood has highlighted the strength of the first five years of a child’s life on thier social-emotional development. Neg...
“Death and Dying”. Suicide: Sourced. en.wikiquote.org. Social Issues Resources Series, Vol. 1. 7 July 2010. Web. 30 July 2010.