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Effects of homelessness in children
Education as a cause of poverty
Education as a cause of poverty
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Introduction Nelson Mandela once said, "Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of justice. Like Slavery and Apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Sometimes it falls on a generation to be great. YOU can be that great generation. Let your greatness blossom” (Make Poverty History, 2005). Gwinnett county is third in the country when it comes to a high poverty rate, with 14% of the population living below poverty (Family Promise of Gwinnet County, 2013). As an educator it is important to familiarize with the county of which one is to teach in, and poverty is an issue in Gwinnett county. One must understand the affects of poverty on children's learning, how to recognize children of poverty and how to help those students, and what rights those children have to an education. Poverty and Children's Education In Gwinnett county the average homeless person is 6 years old (Family Promise of Gwinnett County, 2013). As an educator, this is worrisome because these children in poverty will encounter many difficulties relating to their education. What difficulties are these children facing with and their education? According to Donald Hernandez (Hernandez, 2011), "Consequently, the children in poor families are in double jeopardy: They are more likely to have low reading test scores and, at any reading-skill level, they are less likely to graduate from high school." Growing up in poverty means there is very limited resources available to help climb out of poverty. Resources such as housing, clothing, and food are basic needs that have to be fulfilled for a child to grow up properly (Shaffer, 2014, pp158). When these basic needs are no... ... middle of paper ... ...t.org/homeless-facts/# Gwinnett County Public School (2010, June). Education for Homeless Children and Youth. Retrieved February 4, 2014, from http://www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us/gcps-mainweb01.nsf/F42D74FA4ECBBFED85257754006DDA21/$file/HEP_Parent_Brochure_10-11.pdf Hernandez, D. J. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf Make Poverty History (2005). Make Poverty History - Mandela. Retrieved February 5, 2014, from http://www.makepovertyhistory.org/extras/mandela.shtml Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K. (2014). Infancy. In Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (p. 158). Australia: Wadsworth. Templeton, B. L. (2011). Understanding poverty in the classroom: Changing perceptions for student success. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
Especially in regard to educating children in poverty so they will not fall behind. Helping adults to understand how to help these children is vitally important because those in poverty have different needs and require a different means of motivation, “if poor people were exactly the same cognitively, socially, emotionally, and behaviorally as those from the middle class, then the exact same teaching provided to both middle-class students and students from poverty would bring the exact same results (Jensen).”
Slater, A., and Muir, D., (1998). The Blackwell Reader in Developmental Psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.
Basic education is mandatory for all kids in the United States. There are laws with minimum and maximum age limits for required free education, but this does not make all education equal. The minimum age varies from four to five to begin kindergarten, while most students graduate high school by age of eighteen or nineteen. However, there are kids that begin their education much earlier. Bell Hooks’ “Seeing and Making Culture: Representing the Poor”, Jonathan Kozol’s “From Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid”, and Barbara Ehrenreich’s “How I Discovered the Truth About Poverty” have a common topic, “poverty”. Moreover, each of these readings has a different perspective with a different agenda attached, but “poverty”
National Center for Homeless Education. (2013, October). Education for Homeless Children and Youths Program. Greensboro: U.S Department of Education. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/programs/homeless/data-comp-0910-1112.pdf
There are many views on poverty and how we can prevent it. One in particular I found both intriguing and controversial is the idea presented by Donna Beegle in her writing “All Kids Should Take ‘Poverty 101’”. She puts out the thought of having a class for students geared solely towards making students aware of the tragedies behind poverty, how people live in poverty and their lifestyle, how they perceive learning, and how to prevent it. Teaching students about poverty is a wonderful idea as long as it is not mandatory or done at a time in school where the students are mature enough to take it as a learning and not fuel to tease less fortunate students living in poverty.
As Roy Grant clarifies, “Child poverty increased from 16% in 1979 to 22% in 1983, with an inner-city child poverty rate of 31%. Families with young children headed by a single parent were the most vulnerable;” Grant also explains the effects that these types of conditions have on a child. ”Homelessness is an especially powerful negative life event for a child because it is generally associated with multiple stressors, including loss of property, disruption of school and community relationships, and dramatic changes in family routine.72 Studies by Bassuk and Rubin73 and Bassuk74 in the Boston area showed that half of homeless school-age children met criteria for a diagnosed psychiatric disorder based on screen with a standardized instrument. Children who screened positive for symptoms of depression frequently had symptom severity exceeding that of children treated for depression at community clinics”(2, 4). People often don’t think about the child’s mental conditions when the child is constantly living with the ups and downs of living in poverty and that the severity of it all can affect them for the rest of their
The information provided by the National Homeless Coalition (2009) regarding “why are people homeless” confirmed my notion that the increasing struggles in our economy has resulted in an increase in homelessness. The surprising factor that I neglected to visualize was the impact it had on children and families. When people think about the homeless, they often envision older adults on the streets. It is too painful to imagine that children are on the streets without food, water, or shelter. One family that I had the chance to work together with was with a mother and her three children. She had two daughters, ages 11 and 9 and a boy who was 2 years old. She is currently without a job and lives with her mother temporarily. She is one of the fortunate ones that have family members supporting her, but there were other stories of families living in cars and streets because of no support.
One of the prevalent problems that distract the student’s ability to learn and develop skills that are required to graduate high school is family homelessness. According to the state center for homeless families, 1 out of 45 children in the US are homeless that averagely 1.6 children are homeless every year. There are a variety of factors that cause family homelessness they include domestic violence, lack of affordable housing, decreasing government supports, lack of social support, or the challenges of raising children alone (Stetser, & Stillwell, 2014).
Yon, M. (1994). Educating Homeless Children in the United States. Equity and Excellence in Education
Throughout the nation, education inequality affects many minority students that have low-income which reinforces the disparity between the rich and the poor. The amount of children that have a socioeconomic background of poverty in the United States is estimated to be 32.4 million (National Center for Children in Poverty, 2011). Since many of these children are from
Infants and Children: Prenatal Through Middle Childhood. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Cooper, J., Masi, R., & Vick, J. (2009). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Social-emotional Development in Early Childhood.
Rog, Debra J., PhD, Westat Rockville, MD, and John C. Buckner, PhD. "Homeless Families and Children." 2007 National Symposium on Homelessness Research: Homeless Families and Children. Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 1-2 Mar. 2007. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. .
Shaffer, D., Kipp, K., Wood, E., & Willoughby, T. (2010). Developmental psychology childhood and adolescence. (3rd ed.). USA: Thomson Wadsworth
More and more people are falling into insular poverty. Insular poverty is rapidly growing, in our nation, into a huge problem today. It’s affecting student’s education causing them to work so much harder than the average American. To get a higher education in a poverty stricken home is almost impossible. Research is showing that poverty negatively impacts students during their educational
Living in poverty exposes children to disadvantages that influence many aspects in their life that are linked to their ability to do well in school. In the United States of America there are an estimated 16.4 million children under the age of 18 living in poverty (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). “The longer a child lives in poverty, the lower the educational attainment” (Kerbo, 2012). Children who are raised in low-income households are at risk of failing out before graduating high school (Black & Engle, 2008). U.S. children living in poverty face obstacles that interfere with their educational achievement. Recognizing the problems of living in poverty can help people reduce the consequences that prevent children from reaching their educational potential.