Non-Lethal Weapons
Philip Simmons
November 14, 2016
Abstract
In this APA paper Law Enforcement recognizes the purpose of non-lethal weapons, and the reasons why the use of non-lethal weapons would be more effective. Lethal weapons coupled with the use of force has become a social highlight throughout the last few years. The use of non-lethal weapons in law enforcement has become an important asset to Police use of force. It is an ever-increasing problem that is in dire need of immediate action to be taken before things spiral further out of control. This paper suggests approaches that can be used to help reduce the use of force by using non-lethal weapons. Thus we should look at another approach which some have and start using more non-lethal
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weapons. Law Enforcement officers now have more than one options to take control of a situation without deadly force. Today’s current trend in recent history of non-lethal weapons for Military use current military use of non-lethal weapons in the Armed Forces. (Army, Marines, Navy, Air force, and US Coastguard). Non-Lethal Weapons The use of non-lethal weapons in law enforcement, and employment options for police.
A non-lethal weapon is used to cause less injury to an individual. An officer has two types of weapons they can use. One type is a lethal weapon, which is a weapon that can cause death or great harm to someone. A primary example of that would be a gun. The second type, non-lethal weapons also called less-lethal weapons are weapons intended to be less harmful and less likely to kill, and use less force. These weapons are created to temporarily stun and incapacitate the target with the least amount of pain as possible. They try and minimize as much risk as possible when being used. There are a lot of different types of non-lethal weapons. Some of these weapons include but are not limited to the stun gun, pepper spray, and tear gas. Ammunition can also be altered in guns to make them non-lethal weapons, such as a bean bag ammunition in a shotgun, or rubber bullets for a pistol. With non-lethal weapons, situations with criminals will be easier and less time consuming. Officers can draw their weapons as soon as a situation starts and can fire at the criminal without hesitation. With lethal weapons you cannot do that because an innocent life could be taken at that second. Police can handle criminals easily with these weapons, while allowing them to get back to the people and protect them without killing anyone. If we use non-lethal force against criminals, trespassers, and uncooperative civilians. …show more content…
We can reduce death and minimize the risk of injury that are generally caused by lethal weapons. Every year there are over 10,000 deaths caused by lethal weapons. 540 deaths in 10 years caused by a stunt gun. Police use of force: a global perspective, Joseph Kuhns-Johannes Knutsson-David Bayley - Praeger – 2010 The DOD definition of non-lethal weapons is “Weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment.” Found in article DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program 2013 http://jnlwp.defense.gov Page 5 The Army develop the XM7 Spider Non-Lethal Launcher.
The Army hand-emplaced, six-tube launcher pod will deliver a high volume of munitions, including flash-bang and sting-ball grenades, at ranges between 25–500 meters. This barrage will enable the warfighter to deny the targeted individuals freedom of movement, while preserving that freedom for friendly forces.
The Marines have introduced a new initiative to the Non-Lethal Indirect Fire Munition. This currently is in the science and technology phase of the development cycle. Non-Lethal Indirect Fire Munition is making significant progress. In addressing the major challenge of reducing the risk of injury from the projectile that delivers the non-lethal payload. The Human Effects Center of Excellence has modeled mortar payloads and designs to identify attributes that will produce the desired effect, while limiting collateral damage. A proof of concept demonstrated that reducing the kinetic energy of existing mortars is feasible. Next, the program will integrate a flash-bang effect into the existing M252 81mm
mortar. In the Navy the Long Range Ocular Interrupter, or LROI, will provide a significant enhancement in capabilities beyond current shorter-range, non-lethal optical distracters. The extended range capability will increase the decision-making time in assess the intent of a suspected target, as well as the time to determine if or how to escalate the use of force. This increased time will enable naval personnel to control potential threats sooner and minimize unintended casualties. The most commonly utilization of Non-lethal weapons in the Air Force is oleoresin capsicum spray, better known as OC or pepper spray. This is a non-lethal aerosol spray made from a various peppers. It can incapacitate targeted individuals by irritating the eyes causing tears and visual impairment. U.S. Air Force Security Forces have purchased more than 5,000 Tasers, and have deployed the Taser X26 model to most of their bases. The Taser X26 is an electronic control device that uses a nitrogen-air-cartridge propulsion system to launch two probes tethered to an electrically charged cartridge. The hand-held device delivers an incapacitating pulse that can temporarily overcome the sensory and motor functions of a targeted individual’s nervous system. In the US Coastguard the LA-51 is considered an alternative to the current inventory of warning methods Coast Guard personnel use. The LA-51 has a short range, its flash and noise are more accurate which makes it much safer than a splash in the water than an M-16 tracer round would cause. The LA-51 is a plastic and aluminum projectile fired from a 12-gauge shotgun. It flies for approximately 100 meters, and ignites in mid-air, producing a bright flash and loud noise similar to that of a medium sized firework. This warning device is not designed to strike or injure boaters or their vessels. “These (non-lethal) capabilities truly help minimize casualties while providing escalation-of-force options. As we drawdown in Afghanistan and look to the conflicts of tomorrow, our use of non-lethal weapons coupled with building partner capacity missions and (military-to-military) exchanges, strategically communicates our commitment to protect innocence and reassures our strategic friends and our allies.” General James F. Amos In summary of this paper it has been proved by research and studies that non-lethal weapons are more effective. Law Enforcement, and the United States Armed Forces have implemented non-lethal weapons in their use of force procedures and they are less deadly to civilians than lethal weapons. Non-lethal weapons and their use of less force to sustain, and get a situation under control or resolved more effectively rather than the loss of a life. This could be choosing a stunt gun over a gun. In the military it is being implemented in training, and real life encounters on and off the battlefield. References Police use of force: a global perspective Joseph Kuhns-Johannes Knutsson-David Bayley - Praeger – 2010 Article DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program 2013 http://jnlwp.defense.gov Page 5
In Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Iraqi forces fired 93 Scud missiles at coalition forces in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. (Rostker) Air Defense Artillery (ADA) played an immensely significant role in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with units from 11th Brigade Air Defense Artillery and the 32d Air Defense Command rapidly deploying into theater. The effectiveness of the units and their roles in fighting this war proved that Air Defense Artillery was critical to the success of the campaign. Although Patriot Batteries placed strategically throughout Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel played a tremendous tactical role in these wars, High-Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) was not the only type of surface to air missile system in place to protect ground forces and valuable military assets. Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) units also deployed with the air defense units. These weapon systems, integrated with ground forces, provided air defense to dominate against aircraft and Tactical Ballistic Missiles (TBM) on the front lines.
I have organized this paper into five distinct sections; mission, task organization, capabilities, limitations, and finally the conclusion. After the reading and comprehension of this paper, you should have gained a basic understanding of the Special Forces (SF) Chemical Reconnaissance Detachments (CRD). The following paper is mixed with Unclassified (UCI) and For Official Use Only (FOUO) information. FOUO is annotated at the beginning of all For Official Use Only information, the rest of the paper is UCI. If you wish to share this information paper with others, please at a minimum; confirm identity of the person prior to providing (FM 380-5, 2000). For further handling instructions please refer to FM 380-5, or contact me, I will gladly answer all questions.
This essay will aim to explore the controversial issue in regards to whether more police officers should be armed with Tasers. This essay will argue that more officers should not be equipped with Tasers, also known as “Conducted Energy Weapons” (CEWs), and that the issuing of Tasers by police services should be limited to supervisors and specialized tactical units until further research has been conducted on the effects that Tasers have on the human body. Furthermore, the abuse of Tasers by police officers will also be argued as another reason why officers should not be armed with Tasers. This essay will focus on two main points that will support the argument that more Tasers should not be given to more officers. First off, there has not been enough research completed to deem Tasers as a safe alternative weapon that officers can use to gain compliance from violent individuals that they may deal with on a day-to-day basis.
8 Galum, John, Joshua Shakon and Tan Mau Wu. “National Missile Defense – A CS91 Final Project.” < http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~eroberts/cs91/projects/national-missile-defense/index.html>
Grundberg, Andy. "A Dangerous Weapon." The American Scholar:. American Scholar, 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 8 May 2014. .
Non-lethal weapons are popular among law-enforcement for the reasons of being able to provide a police officer detain larger and more hostile subjects without a large risk of injury to his/her self or the subject. Most common uses of non-lethal force is the application of tear gas or pepper spray. Both have extremely large incapacitating effects designed to bring down individuals and give the police officer the upper hand. Pepper spray is common in the law enforcement world, but has skyrocketed in public providing protection for individuals to carry a small can to provide protection when stuck in a scary situation. Tear gas and pepper spray as the intentions to subdue someone but there is always a time where the expectations are not met and
This project is about some of the weapons used by American soldiers during World War II. The weapons included are some of the most used and reliable used by American infantrymen throughout the war. Of all of the weapons used by American infantrymen these weapons were produced in greater quantities than others and also were favorites of the American men that used to fight in World War II. Some of these weapons were manufactured and used before World War II, but were produced and used on a larger scale in World War II. Weapon descriptions, main uses and ammunition fired from them will be discussed in the report. How they were beneficial to the American soldiers that used them will also be discussed. Some of these weapons were thought to be superior to others used by American soldiers, as well as those used by enemy forces. These weapons are unique in their own way and used by soldiers with confidence that they were going to perform as they needed them to in battle.
Company E, Berdans 1st Regiment United States Sharpshooters. (n.d.). Retrieved July 2009, from US Sharpshooters: http://www.ussharpshooters.co.uk/index_files/Page2772.htm
There has been a lot of controversy regarding the use of police departments using tasers. Many people think that tasers are less lethal and safer for police to use on everyone but, throughout this essay there will be many reasons as to why tasers are unsafe and pose a threat to someone on the receiving end. Tasers have been involved with many deaths and other injuries. The main topic that will be discussed in this essay is how sometimes shooting is a taser and just stunning the person is not all that happens. There are much more to stun guns than just 5 seconds of paralysis.
Over the years, this country has witnessed many cases of police brutality. It has become a controversial topic among communities that have seen police brutality take place in front of their homes. Officers are faced with many threatening situations everyday forcing them to make split second decisions and to expect the worst and hope for the best. Police officers are given the power to take any citizens rights away and even their lives. With that kind of power comes responsibility, that’s one major concern with the amount of discretion officers have is when to use force or when to use lethal force. The use of excessive force may or not be a large predicament but should be viewed by both the police and the community.
By teaching police officers alternatives to shooting to kill, they experience higher risks with their lives. Police Commissioner, Ray Kelly, said, “It would be "very difficult" to train officers to shoot to wound” (Jacobo, 2016). Police officers are viewed as “predators” and “an occupying army” rather than allies (Valey, 2016). This is a perception that needs to change because it counteracts the mission of police officers
Ingram said 30 MK77 firebombs were used by the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force in the invasion of Iraq between 31 March and 2 April 2003 (Brown). They were used against military targets "away from civilian targets", he said. This avoids breaching the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), which permits their use only against military targets
As a result, “Nearly all agree that when an officer is facing a deadly threat, the proper response is to use deadly force”(Lind). Yes there are many people out there that can be a deadly threat to police officers because the way they are acting but, there are many innocent people that do not affect anyone and still have to be a part of the problem for no given reason. Although a police officer’s proper response is to use deadly force upon someone, there should be other alternatives or ways they can use before going into deadly force and possibly cause someone to lose their live. I certainly do understand that there are certain situations where a cop is coming across someone that is pointing a gun or knife at them and approaching towards them. So therefore them using deadly force would possibly be the right thing to do if they have too, but before using deadly force they should at least try deploying tasers or using bean bag guns to attempt in taking them
MISSION: The 81mm mortar platoon is commonly called the battalion commander’s hip pocket artillery. It is called this because 81’s are foot mobile, are on target faster, and more accurate than artillery. The mission of the 81mm mortar platoon is to provide continuous indirect fire support to the infantry battalion and it’s subordinate elements in the offense and defense.
Useful for the military, projectile motion can now be used for a number of weapons; which is when an object (like a bullet or cannon) is thrown-projected- and mov...