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Hobbes vs machiavelli power
Views of Hobbes vs Aristotle
Nicomachean Ethics article
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Aristotle quoted in his book, The Nicomachean Ethics, “These virtues are formed in man by his own doing, the actions…The good of man is a working of the soul in the way of excellence in a complete life.” This quote reveals that unlike Hobbes, Aristotle believes that man can achieve happiness through his actions throughout his life, rather than having power to gain what they think is happiness. I agree with Aristotle that happiness is achieved over a lifetime of work of the soul and virtue. Hobbes on the other hand disagrees or rather, counters, Aristotle and converses about happiness being achieved by having as much power in your life as you can. In the following paragraphs, will be an explanation of how Hobbes and Aristotle believe people …show more content…
What is happiness or how can I be happy? All these questions are acknowledged by Aristotle and Hobbes. To start off, Aristotle believed that when, like with anything, you put in hard work the outcome is always great. Same thing with happiness. Aristotle illustrated happiness as a function that led to good with the use of virtue, in his book The Nicomachean Ethics. To further understand what he meant by function leads to good with virtue, he used the example of a carpenter and his work. The carpenter works with wood (function), but a good carpenter does good things with wood. When the carpenter performs his job well, he builds things with the wood that can be beneficial to others. When one accomplishes living their life well they are on the right track to obtaining …show more content…
Our virtues show our character and thoughts. If we are virtuous in every aspect of our lives and are willing to help anyone with the right intentions and thoughts, it brings us to more happiness later on in life. You obtain happiness at the end of your life when you can look yourself in the mirror and can say you have forgiven your enemies and bad decisions you have made and can say to yourself I do not regret anything I have done. If you can honestly do this, you can say you have happiness. Controversially, Hobbes argues that happiness is not achieved through a lifetime of work and nurturing of the soul. He believes that the more power one has the happier one gets. Since Hobbes things that people are selfish and have the appetite for desire, power is the only option for happiness. In Hobbes book, Leviathan, he interprets power as our present means to attain some future apparent good. We want to be good and happy so power is our way to
Aristotle and Hobbes have different views on what is good, which results in contrasting moral theories. These philosophers both have different views on what is good, how to act, and how to be. The way in which Aristotle defines happiness, is opposed in the views and beliefs of Hobbes. Aristotle believed that there was a final good and opposing him was the belief that Hobbes had which was that there was no final good. They both believed that being moral wasn’t only good for you but also good for others. Although both philosophers believe that you have to be moral in order to be good, their definitions of both happiness and moral virtue differ.
Many times people believe that they can change as they get older but Aristotle in The Nicomachean Ethics claims this is not true. Aristotle believes that there are six types of character and everyone is in one of those characters and no matter what they do they will always be in that type of character. Aristotle also tells how truth is determined in matters of practical choice.
I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. In this essay I will talk about the three different kinds of friendship that (Utility, Pleasure, and Goodness) that Aristotle claims exist. I will also discuss later in my paper why Aristotle believes that Goodness is the best type of friendship over Utility or Pleasure. In addition to that I will also talk about the similarities and differences that these three friendships share between one another. And lastly I will argue why I personally agree with Aristotle and his feelings on how friendship and virtue go hand in hand and depend on each other.
The foremost difference between Aristotle and Hobbes, and in turn classical and modern political philosophies’, with regard to a good life and happiness is that of normative judgments about the good life. While Hobbes rejects normative judgments about the good life and discusses human actions without attributions of moral quality, Aristotle offers the exact opposite. In Ethics, Aristotle differentiates between good and evil actions along with what the best good, or summum bonum, for all humans while Hobbes approach argues that good and bad varies from one individual to another with good being the object of an individuals appetite or desire, and evil being an object of his hate and aversion. In addition, Aristotle makes it clear that individuals have an ultimate purpose—that of political animals—that they should strive to become through trial and error throughout their life. Hobbes on the other hand rejects the idea of life having an ultimate purpose, “for there is no such finis ultimus (utmost aim) nor summum bonum (greatest good) as is spoken of in the books of the old moral philosophers…Felicity is a continual progress of the desire, from one object to another, the attaining of the former being still but the way to the latter”. Hobbes defines felicity as the satisfaction of one’s passions as stated in Leviathan “continual success in obtaining those things which a man from time to time desireth, that is to say, continual prospering, is that men call felicity.
In conclusion, Aristotle’s elucidation of happiness is based on a ground of ethics because happiness to him is coveted for happiness alone. The life of fame and fortune is not the life for Aristotle. Happiness is synonymous for living well. To live well is to live with virtue. Virtue presents humans with identification for morals, and for Aristotle, we choose to have “right” morals. Aristotle defines humans by nature to be dishonored when making a wrong decision. Thus, if one choses to act upon pleasure, like John Stuart Mill states, for happiness, one may choose the wrong means of doing so. Happiness is a choice made rationally among many pickings to reach this state of mind. Happiness should not be a way to “win” in the end but a way to develop a well-behaved, principled reputation.
Hobbes was a very negative person. To him, people were inherently selfish; they struggled constantly against one another for survival and because of this people could not survive on their own in the state of nature. Hobbes believed that human beings are competitive and always seeking glory. That human beings are fearful for their lives, but he believes who you fear is less likely to harm you. He believed that human nature is a war each against all, every person is out for themselves. Even if you are part of a group you are still looking out for oneself. If someone is out to get you, you get them first. If a group of people had something in common such as a common interest or goal, they would united and they would be more powerful against those who would want to destroy them. He wants things to be predictable so he knows it’s safe. He also believed that all people are created equally. That everyone is equally capable of killing each other because what one person has, the other might not have and vice versa. Hobbes believed that it is part of human nature to want power. He said that...
There is much debate over the right path to happiness in life dating back to early civilization in the Roman Empire. Majority of people believe that happiness can only be achieved by material things such as; wealth, political power, fancy cars and so forth, whereas others believe that striving for pleasure and success ultimately yields happiness. Liberal education tends to take a conceptual approach to teaching the importance of virtues, whereas vocational studies tend to have a more practical approach. In “On Liberal and Vocational Studies,” Roman philosopher Seneca gives his own view of happiness and the importance of liberal studies in virtuous character of men. As a champion for living a virtuous life as opposed to materialism, Seneca’s remarks explain his arguments for virtue. Essentially, Seneca argues that men should not place emphasis on the things of this world arguing that happiness is not achieved by the possessions in one’s life, but by the way one lives their life.
Aristotle’s thoughts on ethics conclude that all humans must have a purpose in life in order to be happy. I believe that some of the basics of his ideas still hold true today. This essay points out some of those ideas.
Happiness can be understood as the moral goal of life or can be unpredictable and is something we create from ourselves and by ourselves. The idea of happiness was known as something we nurture on our own and is a state of emotion. Completing our everyday goals will soon bring us happiness, which seems to be very important to most humans and is what makes life worth living, but this is not certain. This conception of Eudemonia was common in ancient Greece as it is currently today. Aristotle had what he thought was an ideal activity for all those who wanted to live life to the fullest, be happy, and have purpose.
Happiness is the ultimate goal for everyone in life. Aristotle's definition of " happiness is happiness is the activity of the soul in accord with perfect virtue. To become a better person, we must practice virtuous acts regularly. After a while, these acts will become a habit and so the virtuous acts. part of our every day life and the person will be leading a virtuous life.
The true meaning and idea of happiness could perhaps never be truly known. Throughout the ages, the idea of what happiness is has been changing constantly, dependant on the time period of the person. This may be because there is no one true idea of happiness and every separate ideology has a different view and interpretation of what it means to be truly happy. While some may believe that it is through knowledge that happiness is achieved, others may believe it to be achieved through a balance between the physiological self and the moral self, or through overcoming cravings in any form. Happiness could simply be the pursuit of knowledge, and the pursuit to understand what happiness really is. In studying and pursuing knowledge, happiness is achieved.
His philosophical theory was very simple and he wanted to teach people how to be happy. He stated “In all our activities there is an end, which we seek for its own sake, and everything else is a means to this end…Happiness is this ultimate end. It is the end we seek in all that we do.” What Aristotle means is that everything we do in our daily activities and actions is all leading up to the end result which is happiness. For example, I work and attend school full time and everything that I do is sub goals leading towards being a successful person which causes me to be happy. Aristotle says happiness is also found in our feelings. A personal example is I love my family and it makes me happy having people to care about and to support them. Sub goals on the way, such as making an A in a class or finishing college and getting a degree are self-awarding pleasures that create happiness. Those are a few examples that make me happy and doing well and succeeding is the key to happiness. For happiness to happen in general, people need to have a reason or virtue in our lives. That everyone has their strong suites about themselves and we need to express and share them with others to help others grow as well. What I understand from Aristotle’s theories of happiness is that our feelings and good actions and being able to control them is what makes us
In the argument happiness is a state, Aristotle argues that happiness is not a thing that is achieved or experienced at a moment as a feeling but he says that it’s a way of life. He asserts that it is the practice of the virtue in a person’s life that accounts to their overall happiness. One cannot live a life doing the wrong things and expect to be happy. In short, Aristotle says in his argument that happiness is a journey and not a state of mind. One cannot wake up one day and say that they are happy. However, I tend to differ with Aristotle on this point. Although I agree with him on the point that living the right kind of life does result in one being happy, one cannot describe being happy without experiencing the state of happiness. It is true that living the right kind of life does lead one to happiness. However, the destination of the activities of leading a virtuous life is the state of happiness which the individual has to experience emotionally.
But in this debate, one question still raises its head - What is happiness? Happiness is not actually leading a luxurious life, but the luxury of living a life. Happiness is not actually about expanding your business, but it lies in expanding the horizons of life. Happiness is not having a meal in the most famous restaurant, but having it with your most beloved family. It does not lie in attending honorable parties, but to attend a party with honor.
Happiness can be viewed as wealth, honour, pleasure, or virtue. Aristotle believes that wealth is not happiness, because wealth is just an economic value, but can be used to gain some happiness; wealth is a means to further ends. The good life, according to Aristotle, is an end in itself. Similar to wealth, honour is not happiness because honour emphases on the individuals who honour in comparison to the honouree. Honour is external, but happiness is not. It has to do with how people perceive one another; the good life is intrinsic to the...