Neurobiology of Human Sexuality
Human sexuality is a topic that has been taboo for many centuries. The orgasm, for example, is one aspect of sexuality that has been overlooked. In particular, the female orgasm is an important function to address because it's a subject that has been socially steeped in silence and shame, and is directly connected to female health in general. Not many people are willing to admit, that orgasms actually benefit a woman physically and psychologically in many ways (i.e. easing menstrual cramps to alleviate stress). One mystery about the female orgasm is why some women "fake" orgasms during sexual activity. One thing that is for sure, is that even though the male orgasm is reached quicker, the female orgasm is capable of repeated pleasure. Why do so many women have difficulty experiencing an orgasm and why do men climax so fast? Interestingly enough, most women will confess that their partners do not give them orgasm. Instead, they allow themselves to have orgasms. Not only that, but they can have a variety of different types of orgasms at the same time. (i.e. clitoral orgasms, G-spot orgasms, vaginal orgasms, ejaculatory orgasms, blended orgasms, etc). Men will comment for example, that the scent of a woman is what drives them crazy during sexual activity and makes them unable to hold the sensation for long. So do women have more control over physical pleasure in the brain than men? How do sexual problems happen in the brain?
There is a combination of things that come in effect when it comes to an orgasm in the brain. Neurotransmitters, and neuro-peptides for example, are heavily involved in the sexual response. To reach an orgasm, the central nervous system sends orders to the heart, so that it pumps faster, sending blood to oxygenate the increase of blood flow in muscles involved in sexual activity. Nitric oxide, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, are just a few of the neurotransmitters and neuro-peptides involved in sexual activity. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in both male and female sexuality. In penile erections, NO stimulates the release of guanylate cyclase, which, in turn, converts GTP to cGMP and produces relaxation of smooth muscles and increased blood flow into the penis. This information is used in the popular drug sildenafil (ViagraTM) that inhibits the metabolism of cGMP to prolong the effects of the erection. (1) Serotonin's role in sexual function is that of constriction of smooth muscles in the genitals, and peripheral nerve function.
Sexual dysfunction can be defined as the inability to partake in or enjoy sexual relationship with one's partner as a result of underlying physical and/or psychological factors (Hoel, 1998). Physical attributions play a large part in both males and females and their ability to perform and enjoy sex. Males encounter several normal changes as they become older. A decrease in the hormone testosterone is very common amongst males with increasing age. Testosterone is beneficial because it gives a decrease in body fat, an increase in energy, including sexual energy, and an increase in lean muscle. These factors are important for physical attraction one has for another, definitely improving the outcome of sexual arousal. The size and firmness of the testicles may be reduced because of this decrease as well. The sexual response phase also changes with age. During the beginning of sex, an older man may experience a delay in his erection and when erect, the penis may not be as firm as when younger. ...
Patterson, James. “Brown v Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History).” Oxford University Press., 2001.
Plagiarism is becoming a real problem now that we have the internet(Cafferty, Serwer). More people are using the work of others, but the ways of spotting it have improved. Many more are being caught than before due to the good and bad aspects of the internet. As one can see, the internet provides both advantages and disadvantages, but we take the bad with the good in stride.
...impact on an athlete’s life in a positive way and lead them in a successful direction, it all lies within their hands. A positive healthy relationship between a coach and a player is a key aspect for a successful coach.
Other areas that are sometimes activated include: the amydgala (Stoléru et al., 2011); the claustrum (Arnow et al., 2002; Stoléru et al., 2011); the orbitofrontal cortex (Stoléru et al., 2011); the hypothalamus (Redouté et al., 2002; Stoléru et al., 2011); the insula (Arnow et al., 2002; Moulier et al., 2006; Stoléru et al., 2011); the ventral striatum (Redouté et al., 2000; Stoléru et al., 2011); the cerebellum (Aalto et al., 2002; Ivry & Fiez, 2000; Stoléru et al., 2011). These areas are only a few of the many areas that are activated in response to sexual stimuli, and they activate for a variety of reasons and in response to various aspects of the stimuli.
Blackledge, Catherine. "The Function of the Orgasm." Gender, Sex, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University, 2009. 272-84. Print.
5. Dr. C. Barnbaum, "A students guide to recognizing it and avoiding it." June 20, 2009. Retrieved: March 19, 2010. Valdosta, GA. From http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/personal/teaching_MISC/plagiarism.htm
It is approached as the instincts section of the mind. It demands, needs of pleasure, and it avoids pain. One of the most common power that the of has is Eros, this motivates the brain to allow people think of the pleasurable seeking side of their minds (e.g. sexual behaviours). Sex is used in advertisements for example; it is used in majority of perfume/aftershave advertisements. The style of these adverts are toned down so that there is no actual activities within the advertisements but in some ways there are some indications that it 's leading up to
Sex is a very taboo topic for teenagers that is met with shyness, excitement, and a surge of hormones - it is no wonder that this novel experience is one that many risk-seeking, dopamine filled teenagers are drawn towards. Looking to research for explanation, Galván's paper details a monkey behavioral study done to parallel dopamine response in adolescents. The experiment showed a resounding conclusion that repeating the same reward again and again led to the dopamine response moving earlier in time towards the cue rather than to the reward itself, seemingly in anticipation. Additionally, these dopamine responses mapped on to faster reaction times in behavior. Relating this to adolescent sexual behaviors, then, it would seem that after multiple
Educators are interested in the extent of Internet plagiarism, why some students plagiarize using the Internet, and what they can do to prevent students from cheating when they use online resources. I will attempt to address these concerns in this paper.
The activation of men’s sexual organs would be androgen hormones. Androgens are a major contributor in male’s sexual hormones. Testosterone is the most commonly known active and abundant androgen hormone. Androsterone is an inactive androgen that is made by the metabolism of testosterone and is developed in the male testes. Androgens have the ability to influence several different actions and desires within men. Usually, androgens are known as the masculine hormones although they are also found in women as well. Although not an androgen, many studies observe cortisol along with androgens because cortisol is a response to stress, also known as the "get-up-and-go" hormone. It gives men bravery to overcome challenges to reach their goals. It appears that men pride themselves in having high levels of androgens because it makes a man, a “macho man.” But what happens to androgen levels when these masculine men are exposed to situations in which they are expected to act graciously? What happens to these levels when they are preforming a task that is thought of as un-masculine? For instance, do androgen hormones levels rise or fall when men are in a relationship or become fathers? It is hypothesized that androgen levels would be lower in men who are in a committed relationship and/or in men who are fathers. Perhaps this is caused by the stress obtained or lack thereof from being in a relationship or from being a father. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of stress on men and their androgen levels, determine how being in a committed relationship can effect androgen levels, determine whether or not sexual orientation is a factor in these effects, and lastly we will be looking at how being a father or desiring to be a father can effe...
Ascending genital sensory input also plays an important role in central processing and initiation of erection and sexual arousal. Areas which receive afferents from the penis include the caudal thalamic intralaminar nuclei (Heath, 1964), which is the terminal point for this pathway, and the medullary reticular formation (Hubscher & Johnson, 1996), hypothalamus (Wersinger et al., 1993), and periaqueductal gray (Steer, 2000) along the way.
Men and women sexually go through a cycle. This cycle is known as the sexual response cycle. The sexual response cycle is made up of four different phases, the excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution phases. The cycle is also categorized in two ways, vasocongestion and myotonia. Vasocongestion is where swelling occurs because blood rushes to certain areas of the body such as earlobes, for women to the opening of the vaginal area, and for men around the testes, it also causes the erection of the penis. Myotonia is what causes hands and feet to spasm, affects the face, and the involuntary movements of orgasm, these occur because the muscles are tightening creating these movements and spasms to occur. (Nevid & Ruthus, 2005).
Coaches of sports teams in actuality are much too strict on their athletes, one reason being they can get carried away and abuse their athletes. According to Dr. Alan Goldberg “Coaches forget that the game is for the kids, people nowadays just want to win rather the be a good coach and teach their athletes” (Dr. Alan Goldberg, 2018). A connection to this is about a coach at a local high school in Indiana. He has been bullying his athletes calling them stupid and lazy, once a pediatrician heard about this she went into a practice trying to talk to the coach. Within ten minutes she realized that it was the coach talking to her and she was on the defensive side. If she can't even get to the coach, how can the kids? This is when coaching crosses
The most sensitive factor was that of apprehension, but in predictor variables, the self-rated importance of sex to the patient and the perceived importance of sex to the partner were strongly related to the affective factors (Burnett, Lechner, & Rowland, 2012), thus showing the importance of self and partner expectations of sex towards sexual dysfunction. Another similar study investigated if there was a relationship or a correlation between perceived prevalence of sexual dysfunction and definition and prevalence of sexual function and satisfaction (Chang, Gorzalka, & Klein, 2013). Therefore, not only dysfunctional beliefs regarding sexual functioning, but also perceived prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the definition can lead to sexual difficulties for women. However, the study did not show any significant relationship between these factors and the sexual functioning of