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Theories of procurement
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• Introduction: Since mid-90, technology changed procedures for evaluating supplier’s relationships. Before technology, Suppliers relationships used to be an isolated activity disconnected from others companies’ activities highly influenced by conflict of interest. But when technology started to provide accurate data, companies begin the focus on inventory management activities increasing the importance of procurements departments’ evaluation as a way to reduce supply chain cost. With data, procurement can evaluate suppliers and their benefits for the company. In today business environment, the company dilemma is evaluating if the supply chain should be vertical, full outsourced of mix, considering industry maturity impact and price competition (Chopra & Meindl, 2007; Slack & Lewis, 2011). • Vertical Integration: In 2002 Nestle decided to develop a vertical supply chain as strategy for increasing brand names value and revenues with selected suppliers. The reason behind vertical integration was scarcity of natural resources. For example coffee suppliers and farmers’ activities decreased in the last ten years requiring Nestle actions for supporting farmers’ activities in a more efficient way creating value for both sides as win-win solution. As a result, vertical supply chain supported Nestle increase demand for new coffee products and selected farmers supports coffee beans production required for exclusive brands such as Nespresso (Nestle, 2012). • Suppliers relationships: On the opposite side, Coca Cola invested in suppliers relationships. More than thousands of Coca Cola suppliers make Coca Cola distribution activities more efficient comparing with peers. For Coca Cola vertical integration is not a solution as expensive mode... ... middle of paper ... ...ola News [Online]. Available from: http://www.coca-cola.com (Accessed: 04 04 2014). Nestle. (2012) Nestle News [Online]. Available from: http://www.nestle.com/asset-library/documents/library/documents/about_us/nestle-in-switzerland-en.pdf (Accessed: 04 04 2014). Sethi, S, Yan, H, & Zhang, H. (2005) Inventory And Supply Chain Management With Forecast Updates New York, NY : Springer. Sharif, K. (2008) 'Impact of information and communication technologies on sales representative internal and external relationships — A study of the UK pharmaceutical sector', Journal of Medical Marketing, 8 (4), pp.341-55. Slack, N. & Lewis, M. (2011) Operations strategy. 3rd ed. Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall. Xia, M. & Xia, N. (2008) 'The Complementary Effects of E-Markets on Existing Supplier--Buyer Relationships in a Supply Chain', J.Manage.Inf.Syst., 25 (3), pp.9-64.
Vonderembse, M.A. & White, G. P. (2013). Operations Management. San Diego, Ca: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
SLACK, N. and LEWIS, M., 2011. Operations strategy [electronic book] / Nigel Slack, Michael Lewis. Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2011; 3rd ed. pp92
Schroeder, R. G. (2008). Operations management contemporary concepts and cases (4th edition). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Zanjirani F., Rezapour, S. & Kardar, L. (2011) Logistics operations and management concepts and models, 1st ed. London ; Elsevier.
7. Thompson, A.A., Strickland, A.J. and Gamble, J.E. (2007), Crafting and Executing Strategy (15th ed), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
The transnational corporation Nestle Company founded in 1886 based in Vevey, Switzerland, sells its products in 189 countries and has manufacturing plants in 89 countries around the world, boasting an unmatched geographic presence. The company started off as an alternative to breastmilk and initially looked into other countries for an increase in global opportunities. It founded its first out of country offices in London in 1868, and due to the small size and inability of Switzerland to compensate growth manufacturing plants were built in both Britain and the United states in the late nineteenth century. A large portion of Nestlé’s globalization came in the 1900s which was when it first moved into the chocolate business after
Our company has a long-term commitment to rural development and the use of local raw materials rather than imports. We intend to significantly expand our business in Africa by developing local food resources for our factories. Nestle has built a huge network in African continent. In 2011, this network includes 27 factories and dozens of other warehouse and office facilities serving all 54 African nations. The Company employs approximately 15,500 people in Africa, and around 50,000 additional jobs have been indirectly created through the supply and distribution chain. It has built this business by establishing national and regional companies through consistent investments over many decades, despite often challenging economic circumstances. Thus, in this way Nestle got benefits through mergers and acquisitions in the last decade and thus, expanded
Slack, N., Johnston, R. and Brandon-Jones, A. (2011).Essentials of operations management. 1st ed. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Inventory management is a method through which a business handles tangible resources and materials to ensure availability of resources for use. It is a collection of interdisciplinary processes including a full circle of the demand forecasting, supply chain management, inventory control and reverse logistics. Inventory management is the optimization of inventories of manufactured goods, work in progress, and raw materials. According to Doucette (2001) inventory management can be challenging at times; however, the need for effective inventory management is largely seen more as a necessity than a mere trend when customer satisfaction and service have become a prime reason for a business to stand apart from its competition. For example, Wal-Mart’s inventory management is one of the biggest contributors to the success of the company; effective and efficient inventory management is of critical importance.
It is focused on competitiveness, calculated risk-taking and an unswerving determination to deliver their goals, while creating value for society as a whole. Nestle Company wants to be a leader in innovation and renovation, whether of products, systems or processes. They need to have the most efficient supply chain, from farm to fork tonsure that they have the best raw materials, the bet processes and the freshest products on their customer’s shelves. Nestlé Continuous Excellence is their approach to operational efficiency, with its objectives of eliminating waste, increasing efficiency and effectiveness, and improving quality in all operations. To make the most innovative products in the most efficient way, they also need to ensure that their products are available sustainably wherever, whenever and however consumers want to buy them. Of course, they need to communicate with their consumers in a dynamic way, both to keep them abreast of all that is new and exciting, but also to learn from them, so that Nestlé can bring their experiences to bear on their upcoming innovation and renovation (Nestlé.com, 2012)
One important aspect of Starbucks is his supply chain strategy. “The ability of supply chains to provide the level of value desired by the customers begins, with the capacity of channel integrators to optimize their productive resources” (Frederick Ross, 2008).
Unilever is a multinational company which ranks third globally in fast moving consumer goods. They have an excellent value chain which is one of the factors that has resulted in them to be among top consumer goods company globally. Their merger and acquisitions have led them to expand their company in different sectors of the consumer goods. They have 400 brands and sell their products across 190 countries. They have to work on some areas of the value chain to work even better than how they are working now. Also, there are many opportunities that will help Unilever to overcome their shortcomings and make them a successful Consumer goods
‘Supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. It encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, thir- party service providers, and customers’. (Web: Council for Supply Chain Management Pr...
University of Phoenix(Ed.).(2003) Operations management for competitive advantage[University of Phoenix custom edition e-text]. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved February 01, 2005, from university of phoenix, Resource, MGT554- operations management website: https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp
This chapter deals with literature review on the study variables in a buyer-supplier relationship. And focus on how trust, adaptation, commitment, communication and cooperation been selected as variables that will affect buyer’s satisfaction level.