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Researchers need to apply ethical principles to their studies
Advantages and disadvantages of ethics in research
Understanding research methods
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As part of my second semester at university examining research and its implications, I have been exploring numerous methodical case studies to illustrate my knowledge into selected research, regarding scepticism, validity as well as ethics. One of the case studies that I looked into was Goldacre (2009). Research can often be distorted presenting incorrect information that results in contradictions as well as altering the meaning of the conducted research. Therefore “seeking through methodical processes to add to one’s own body of knowledge and, hopefully, to that of others, by the discovery of non-trivial facts and insights” (Sharp, Peters and Howard, 2002).
Furthermore, through reflective learning into other research, I have understood the importance of validity. To illustrate, using the above article Goldacre (2009) in examining the validity as well as the ethical stance to this particular claim “the way you approach interviews and other research participants... handle your data....” are critical from an ethical standpoint (Davies 2007, pp. 44-6). Therefore, my realisation is that the duty of the researcher is to expose such allegations despite there being scarce scientific evidence. This is achieved in order to produce the truth behind research enabling awareness for those that believe this to be the case. According to British Educational Research Association (2004, p.12) it is vital that the research adheres to those guidelines specified by bera, otherwise research can result in the misconduct of “falsifying research evidence or findings. Since this has been the case for the above-mentioned article.
Moreover, through reflective learning into other research carried out using qualitative and quantitative data “Institute for ...
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...il 2011]. Available at: < http://eportfolio.wlv.ac.uk/viewasset.aspx?oid=2424105&type=file>.
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Sharp, J., Peters, J and Howard, K. (2002) The management of student research project. 3rd ed. Aldershot: Gower Publishing Limited.
The first suggestion Leamnson offers to progress learning is to make notes instead of “copying what’s on a chalkboard or being projected on a screen” (3). The essence of Leamnson’s argument is that instead of simply jotting down everything the
This discussion focuses on two issues: the relationship between evidence and hypotheses; and, the role of "contextual" values in inquiry. Longino contrasts contextual values with constitutive values. The latter, the "values generated from an understanding of the goals of scientific inquiry," "are the source of the rules determining what constitutes acceptable scientific practice or scientific method" (L1990, 4). That these values influence inquiry is not a problem. But the former, "personal, social, and cultural values," are thought to threaten the integrity of scientific inquiry (L1990, 4-5).
... important thing that I learned from this research project was that taking initiative represents having your own expectations and goals. A person must follow their dreams by relying on their own expectations that must be higher than those set by others. Although we gathered enough information from the research project, I believe that taking advantage of resources is essential in order to surpass the transition from high school to college. But if I could do something differently in the project, I would have encouraged my teammates to take breaks in order to be more relaxed and focused. The research project has been an immense experience that has changed my perspective in college, but mostly taught me valuable elements to become a successful freshman student.
In most of the cases there are written polices of addressing research misconduct. In any part of a research under institution such as university related research the institutional official on the behalf of the university will follow the written policies and procedures and take an inquiry and investigate the research misconduct. In this case an institutional inquiry should be done to identify the potential evidence of research misconduct. In
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
However on the other hand, for all advantages; there are disadvantages. In some instances when people utilize and manipulate data, they may knowingly falsify data so that it may adhere to ones beliefs or theories. In addition there are people who may deliberately tamper with information as well. When collecting information, there must be neutrality when assessing and collecting data. In addition, professional competence and integrity must be superior and finally, all research subjects or respondents must be safeguarded from potential harm and sabotage.
The research was designed using qualitative model based on exploratory design. This was done to facilitate multi-faceted study with a broader prospective. Basic percentage analysis was done to supplement qualitative analysis. The study was conducted with the help of a Questionnaire. To deepen the understanding data was collected from a variety of books, Internet web pages, and articles of different kinds conducted was descriptive in nature. Descriptive research includes survey and facilitating enquiries of different
... whom materials are taken. There are a number of issues which are involved in the system of ethical conduction in research.
The following will present two tables; one based on the qualitative research study and the other on the quantitative research study. The first table will reflect conceptual...
Traditional research may use quantitative or qualitative research method. According to Hendricks (2009), quantitative research is a general conclusion based on hard data. Hen-dricks describe quantitativ...
Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.
It is important that researchers are knowledgeable of the qualitative research methodologies in order to select the most appropriate to investigate their problem of interest, and thereby selecting the most appropriate data collection methods that will aptly produce the richest data for analysis.
“Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family” (Strong n.p.). Anywhere a person goes, there are people demanding that people have a certain level of education. This makes wanting to get into a certain profession hard to do. By going to schooling you can get yourself and education, but by no means necessary do you get an education by going to school. But the question lies in how you go about achieving both them, and increase in learning. There are times when you can get some school, but the education does not fully come. This could be from the lack of teachers, or the encouragement that you get. It also lies in how much enthusiasm that you put
Striating from the research idea to the culmination of the findings, the research process entails many segments, all of which are imperative. By choosing the research methodology, the researchers can formulate the path to be used in conducting the study and reporting the findings. The methodology helps in the search of literature, development of research questions and the creation of the most suitable study design. It also assists in the interpretation of the results and the publication of the findings in journals.
My educational journey has been like a roller coaster. I have been in the worst spot of my life time. Where I hate going to school but, also think about my father education. My career goal is one of my most important in my life to better myself than I am today tomorrow I will better than yesterdays.