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How has Islam influenced our science
How has Islam influenced our science
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Meta Description: There have been many great inventions in the World. Many of the earliest inventions laid the foundation for an advanced World to develop which pushes the humans towards innovation.
Excerpt: There is no doubt on the fact of Muslim representation in scientific world. Let us explore what these inventions are;
Part II:
Muslim Inventions that changed the World
In Part I of this series I came forward with few of the literary wondrous contributions of Muslim scientists and their vast knowledge in different fields of science, however in this second part I’ll put forth more of their invented devices specifically in Engineering and Astrology. All of these devices have been invented by Muslim scientists who not only contributed in
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He not only proved that light rays enters into our eyes rather than leaving it, but he also invented the very first pin hole camera, after one day he contemplated on light rays emitting from his window hole, he concluded that, the smaller the hole gets the sharper the rays becomes and implemented this technique to invent his first camera. Therefore, we should thank Haytham for making it possible for us to capture our memorable moments.
Windmills: In 634, Persian caliph Umar hired an engineer who invented the first wind mill. Those very first wind mills were constructed in deserted areas due to access of wind pressure. It was built by using 6 to 12 sails covered with clothing material, they were used to draw water from streams and to grind corn. Later European countries adapted this technique to construct energy producing
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Clocks: Although, Huygens is said to be the inventor of first clock, however various kinds of mechanical clocks were created by Muslim Engineers since the time of yore, a well-known watch maker Kutbi made the very first watch. In 15th century, Muslims also invented Mercury escapement clock which was copied by Europeans. Moreover water clocks, pendulum clocks, alarm clocks and astronomical clocks are also their inventions. Muslims used these clocks for observations and to determine their prayers timings.
Submarine: First submarine named “tahtelbahir” was invented by Ottoman Muslim Architect Ibrahim Efendi. Later an Ottoman writer Humayun compared this submarine with alligator and wrote that, an alligator like machine submerged into the sea and crew inside it were able to breathe under the sea through pipes, he also wrote that after staying under water for half an hour it emerged back with five people walking out from the mouth of this
Natural philosophy might have played a much smaller role in Islamic science but is not to be overlooked. Al ma’mun built observatories as high as three stories in order to gain a better understanding of the cosmos. With these tools, Islamic astronomers made accurate descriptions of the heavens and created their own geocentric views of the orbits of the heavenly bodies. Attached to many of these observatories were great libraries. Islamic libraries contained a wealth of knowledge which was taken from other civilizations and translated to Arabic such as the House of Wisdom. These libraries had upwards of 2 million books, a massive accomplishment considering they did not have movable type. The Islamic Empire also saw great advances in mathematical understanding with the creation of trigonometry and algebra.
cities building and paved roads and society made others want to come their to continue
Europe knew a “level of violence and frequency that Roman citizens had not known,” which hurt them economically.12 Eventually, when they got past the violence, they began to produce inventions and innovations that slowly spread throughout the country. Agriculturally, the plow and “three-field system” was introduced to the Europeans.13 Letting the cows graze and fertilize one field, leaving one crop for spring weather and one for winter weather, and rotating them yearly. Wind power, in the form of windmills also was popular during the 1200s. The invention of the horse stirrups and innovations of the horse collars, led to higher productivity levels. Actually more energy was used by the animals than by the water mills during this time period, due to the innovations and inventions made for animals. “The Moslems were enthusiastic collectors, but they offered little in the way of interpretation or theory,” while there were great inventors during this time, they were not as worried about philosophy and thought as the Christians had been.14 Against popular belief, Islam was “more tolerant and cultured” than the previous societies had been, accepting others beliefs and traditions.15 They went ahead, with many introductions and inventions until the 1300s when they eventually plateaued. In the water, the compass was a great invention
Gunpowder, the vaccine, blood transfusion, the telescope, surgery, the submarine, the barometer, the submarine, and the microscope are all great inventions that helped change the way people live today. They are some of many scientific inventions that changed the way of life for people.
It is true that the Western World owes its science to the Muslim World. Partly because of their strive to learn from others and opening their finding to everyone. If the Muslim World was not this open and inquisitiveness of others besides them self, we would all be in the Dark Ages and deprived of all history not recorded in our native tongue.
Although many inventions have been credited to him, some of them undoubtedly were derived from the study of Arab scientists. His writings brought new and ingenious views on optics, particularly on refraction; on the apparent magnitude of objects; and on the apparent increase in the size of the sun and moon at the horizon. He found that with sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal, a substance (now known as gunpowder) could be produced that would imitate lightning and cause explosions.
The Muslim people made many exceptional achievements and great contributions that spread to and affected the entire world, particularly Europe. Several factors encouraged them to pursue experimentations and developments in different fields. First and foremost, the faithful Islamic people had to know the direction of Mecca as well as the time of day in order to know when and in which direction to pray. This meant they had to rely on mathematicians and astronomers to accurately calculate these. The rulers of the Muslim Empire wanted trained physicians treating them when they became ill. This encouraged much research and study in the medical field. They had a deep curiosity about the world around them and everything in it. This strong curiosity can be traced all the way back to Mohammed himself, who was very curious about the world and was always searching for a real truth.
Through the 9th and 12th century there was a golden age of knowledge in the Islamic Empire that would influence the works and advancements of almost everything having to do with learning during the Renaissance. The beginning of the golden age in Islam began with the creation of a new numbering system that would surpass the inefficient and clunky system that was roman numerals. This would also give way to the creation of the decimal point which is still used to this day. Which is an example of humans developing their knowledge, and the Islamic peoples transmitting their knowledge to influence the modern world.
...or spreading Islam. Advancements in Science and Math helped Islam to move faster. Islam was uniquely successful to attract people towards it where bloodshed was rarely required.
...ime period in a positive scientific light. The distinction between modern and medieval science was described as medieval science being more theoretical in nature and modern being of the more applied variety. Through the further presentation of the plethora of Islamic scientists, covering fields as diverse as astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and physics it has been shown, without a doubt, that significant scientific contributions were made in this period. Finally, the source of this misconception was exposed through the common accidental perception of the past as a European narrative. History can easily be focused around Europe, and to do so produces a view of the medieval era being stagnant. However, when one looks at the greater global picture, it is clear that the Islamic world more than makes up for this lull in innovation, successfully brightening the “Dark Age”.
In Jacques-Yves Cousteau’s time as an oceanographer he and his partener Emile Gagnan a french inventor, created the aqualung a portable breathing apparatus, consisting of cylinders of compressed air then strapped onto the divers back feeding the air through a tube then into mask or mouthpeice witch allowed divers to stay underwater for longer periods of time(Biography.com/A&E telivision network para 8) also created the Calypso a converted british minesweeper (the editors of encyclopeadia britannica para 4). This submarine was made for sea floor exploration. It was easily meunuverable and had many underwater cameras(the editors of encyclopeadia britannica para 2).
1620 AD A Dutchman, named Cornelis Drebel, built the first successful submarine with a wooden frame that was encased in leather. This craft was able to carry 12 rowers and eight additional people, totaling the people in the craft to 20. This vessel was capable of diving to depths of 20 meters and could travel 10 kilometers at a time. This submarine was tested in the Thames River, and would often remain submerged for hours. This submarine was the first to address the problem of oxygen shortage.
Ibn al Haytham was a Muslim innovator born in 965 in Basra. He is also known as Alhazen and The First Scientist. In his time, Alhazen was able to invent the first pinhole camera and a camera obscura. Before Alhazen, scientists believed that they did not have to scientifically prove their findings, however, he knew better. Every experiment or hypothesis Alhazen came up with, he submitted it to a physical test and/or proof using mathematic equations. (“Arab Inventors”)
The Achievements of The Islamic Civilization Islam, one of the most successful religions was started by Muhammad in Arabia and had a massive impact on the world. If it weren't for Islam the world would have been a very different place to live in. Muslims didn't always invent things; sometimes they improved on other people's inventions e.g. the number system, the astrolabe and much more. The first Muslims were Arabs and they went on to conquer many countries.
The wind is an incredibly valuable renewable energy source and is in the forefront of renewable energy developments. It is used to convert wind energy into energy that can be harnessed and used via a variety of methods, including; wind turbines, windmills, sails and windpumps. For a renewable energy source, however, it is wind turbines that are used to generate electricity (see figure 1). Wind power has been used for this since the end of the nineteenth century, after Professor James Blyth of the Royal College of Science and Technology first attempted it (Boyle, 2012). However, It wasn’t until the 1980s that using wind power technology was sufficient enough to experience a rapid growth of the technology.