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Music therapy research paper
Music therapy research paper
Can music have a positive effect on children
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“One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you can't utter.” Communication, whether it be verbal or nonverbal, is essential in this social world. There are a great many people who have trouble with one, or both, of these forms of communication. Those who stutter, for instance, struggle with the verbal aspect greatly. The frustration and anxiety felt by those who stutter can be so debilitating that they may even refuse to speak. With this anxiety comes shame, shame in not having the ability to say a simple sentence without hitting those articulation roadblocks. It is in their childhood, and sometimes in their adulthood, where people turn to the various therapies offered for this disorder. One that has garnered more attention within the last few years is music therapy. This form of therapy is being used, but not to the extent that it ought to be. Music should be used as a form of therapy due to its close relationship with speech, its interaction with the brain, and its various forms of therapy benefit those who stutter.
Stuttering, as a disorder, has been around ever since man could speak. It is said that the ancient Egyptians, through the use of hieroglyphics, were the first to form a definition of stuttering. Two hieroglyphics were found and deciphered, their phonetic transcriptions being /ket ket/ and /nit nit/, which respectively mean “to quake” and “to hesitate.” Combined with the Egyptian symbol indicative of the mouth, these hieroglyphics carry the meaning of “to stutter.” This definition of stuttering has been revised a bit since the time of the ancient Egyptians. Stuttering is now defined as a speech disorder which involves the disruption of the fluency, timing, and rhythm of speech. The prim...
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...vidual. This is no different for one who stutters. One should not go through life being afraid to talk.
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In the film, Transcending Stuttering: The Inside Story, produced by Schneider Speech, the viewer was brought into the lives of seven individuals with a stutter. These individuals described their experiences with stuttering and how they have transcended the obstacles they have been faced with throughout their lives. The viewer was also given the opportunity to understand the powerful reality of both the low and high points that can be accompanied by stuttering.
Communication is the very first thing one learns as soon as he or she is born, crying when something upsetting happens or laughing to show contentment. However, as one ages, they begin to realize that using words to express thoughts and feelings is a great deal harder than manipulating sounds and actions. Author Toni Bambara of “Raymond’s Run” and Lauren Tarshis of “Stuttering Doesn’t Hold Me Back” have similar views on the difficulty of speaking up. Bambara writes about a boy called Raymond who has Down Syndrome and communicates with others in a special way, as he cannot utilize his words. “Stuttering Doesn’t Hold Me Back” is an inspiring story regarding a young student facing the challenges of her disorder. Both writings consider the idea that we all have our own methods of conversing, and we need to accept and understand that it is normal.
Stuttering affects the fluency of speech. Stuttering is characterized by disruptions in speech sound productions, also known as a disfluency. Mostly, stuttering has a significant effect on some daily activities. Though some people have disfluency deficits only in certain situations. Some people limit their participations in different everyday activities because they are often embarrassed or sad about their situation and are concerned about how other's will react to stuttering. In stuttered speech repetitions of words or also of parts of words are included. Prolongations of speech sounds may also occur. It is a characteristic of some people who
Sutton, J.P (2002) Music, Music Therapy and Trauma: International Perspectives. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp.231-257.
The 1992 comedy crime film, My Cousin Vinny, written by Dale Launer and directed by Jonathon Lynn portrays the communication disorder known as stuttering. Stuttering is a fluency disorder in which the rhythm and flow of speech is disrupted and differs significantly from what is socially accepted as ‘normal’. Stuttering has proven to be one of the most common communication disorders portrayed in media and literature; however, the reason behind including a stutter (ranging from barely there to extremely excessive) in a character’s script tends to vary.
Occasionally music is used as medicine. One scholar shows that music can lower blood pressure, speed up stroke recovery, help you fall asleep, and help relieve pain (Surprising Effects of Music). Many schools provide a challenging curriculum for their students. Music classes would give students a chance to relax. Research demonstrates that liste...
Davis, S., Shisca, D., & Howell, P. (2007). Anxiety in speakers who persist and recover from stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, 398-417.
Music therapy works because of its three fundamentals: the application of systematic thinking through music theory, the creation of an individualized treatment plan, as well as the patie...
B., Gfeller, K. E., & Thaut, M. H. (2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and
A. Lewis. Readers will learn that Fred had been stuttering since he was five years old, but it was not until he eight years old that people started to notice that he spoke differently from others. Growing up with stuttering had made Fred dread school. College was one of his hardest times pertaining to stuttering. He attending speech therapy in college but it did not seem to work. Eight years later, he went to speech therapy again, which consisted of a combined approach of fluency shaping and breathing exercises. He only saw a little progress, so he went to a different speech therapist. This was a high point for Fred because his therapist Joseph Sheehan developed an Avoidance Reduction Approach. Fred began to see an increase in
Stuttering is a neurological disorder of communication, from which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions (neu-neu-neuro), prolongations (biiiii-ol-ooogy), or abnormal stoppages (no sound) of sounds and syllables. Rapid eye blinking, tremors of the lips and/or jaw, or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body may accompany speech disruptions ((3)). Why does stuttering worsen in situations that involve speaking before a group of people or talking on the phone, whereas fluency of speech improves in situations such as whispering, acting, talking to pets, speaking alone, or singing ((1))? In ancient times, physicians believed that the stutterer's tongue was either too long or too short, too wet or too dry. Therefore, practitioners from the mid-1800s tried surgical remedies such as drilling holes into the skull or cutting pieces of the tongue out to eliminate stuttering (1).
For example one question was, “does it prevent me from doing ordinary things?” It’s a yes and no answer because I still walk, and run it does not prevent me from doing things physical things, but when it comes to talking it’s a little bit more difficult and I struggle more. Stuttering makes things more challenging which is alright but you have to work more on how you talk. “Why can’t you speak correctly?” That is another question that anyone can ask and the truth is that it is a disorder in our speech sound of word, we repeat some of the words. “How does it feel to stutter?” To me as a stutter person it affects emotionally because sometimes I rather be quite and prevent talking and embarrassing myself. It affects us because of the way we communicate, it is not easy but we try to make it fluently as possible. (Question
In Davenport, Iowa in 1939, Dr. Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor decided to test the idea that stuttering was only caused by genetics. At the time, it was believed that stuttering could not be treated, and a person without a stutter could not develop a stutter. However, Dr. Johnson believed that a stutter could be made worse if it was labeled, and a labeling a child without a stutter as a stutterer could actually make them a stutterer. In the study, 22 orphans from a veteran’s orphanage were selected to participate. 10 of these children were labeled as a stutterer by their teachers and matrons before the study began. Tudor and 5 other graduate students then tested the 10 orphans and rated them on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 being a poor speaker and 5 being fluent).
Every musical system around the world is a complex cultural phenomenon. The culture underlie a series of concepts which impart the musical system into the other basic cultural activities of the society. It is then defined and conceptualized by the society at large and then ingrained in the cultural phenomena. Thus, in order to fully understand a specific music of a particular culture, we must examine it in its cultural context along its musicological context.
Poulisse, N. (2000), Slips of the tongue in first and second language production. Studia Linguistica, 54 (2) 136–149. doi: 10.1111/1467-9582.00055