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Essay on the mummification process
Essay on the mummification process
The science behind the mummification process in ancient Egypt
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When a person in today’s society hears the word “mummification” or “mummy,” he or she often thinks of something related to horror films, Halloween, or even just toilet paper. However, many people know only that about mummies. Children dress up for Halloween as mummies by buying their costumes or making one out of toilet paper. Others just think of the famous mummy movies that almost everyone has seen. What it the real meaning of mummification? What is really a mummy? Where are they from and why did they exist? Do they still exist today? Mummification has greatly influenced today’s society in numerous amounts of ways, from making horror films to entertain people, all the way up to help many people of many ages dress up and have fun during the …show more content…
Why did they want to preserve these dead bodies? Well, Ancient Egyptians believed that there was a soul that lived in the bodies. Because of this, they believed the souls could only live in a body that would last forever. They believed that if the body was not preserved, and if it were to rot and decay, then the soul of that body would not be able to live on forever. “In Egyptian religion, the spirit was made up of three parts: the ka, the ba, and the akh. The ka remained in the burial tomb, using the offerings and objects placed within it. The ba was considered the soul of the person, and it was free to fly outside of the confines of the tomb. And it was the akh that traveled to the Underworld for judgment, and to gain entrance into the Afterlife” (Ancient Origins of Mummification). It is said that “the earliest Egyptian burials date from 6500 years ago. But the evidence suggested that mummification using preserving oils and resins only began about 4500 years ago” (Ancient Origins of Mummification). It is believed that mummification had begun way before the ages years previously …show more content…
Although these bodies have been dead for thousands of years, the way they were prepared and preserved has helped these bodies last for a much longer time. If you ask anyone how these bodies are well preserved, they might just say that they were wrapped up in a paper or cloth, and put in a coffin. Unfortunately to all of those that believe this, it is incorrect. How did a dead body last well preserved for such a long time? Well, as soon as a person died, the body was moved to a place where it could be embalmed. There, they would take out the internal organs that would rot and decay the quickest. In this case, they were the brain and viscera. What would they do to these organs? Well, they had 4 canopic jars, each used for a specific organ: the stomach, intestines, lungs, and liver. They did this because they believed that these organs would be needed to survive once the mummy was reborn. What they did leave in the dead body was the heart, because it was believed that it was the location of “reason, emotion, memory, and personality” (The Insides Scoop on Egyptian Mummies), and it was considered to be “the seat of understanding” (Mummification). The body was then treated with a mineral called natron, which is found in salt. “It was then treated with ointments, spices and resins and wrapped in several layers of bandages”
Interestingly, X-rays reveal that the mummy case of Paankhenamun does in fact contain a mummy inside dating back to the years of c. 945 – 715 B.C. The practice of mummification was the Egyptian people’s way of preserving the spirits of the Gods/Goddesses and royalty. The idea was that when these beings came back to life, they would be preserved and well prepared for their next lives. By the time of the New Kingdom, the Egyptians already had developed techniques of mummification, which were done under a priest’s supervision (Stokstad 114), and since Paankhenamun was the priest of Amun, he was most likely was in charge of these procedures.
Ancient Egyptian culture was largely focused on the afterlife. One of their most important deities, Osiris, became the ruler of the Underworld through death. The pharaoh and elite class prepared for their impending deaths throughout their lives. Much of what survives from ancient Egypt today was found in tombs and temples of the dead. When one of the elite died, the process of laying him or her to rest was extensive. Harold Hays explains that “the ritualized process of embalming and mummification is usually stated as lasting seventy days” (Hays 5). "Funeral Procession, Tomb of Pairy" shows two of the processes that Hays details. The first depicted is the procession to the tomb. Pairy’s body would have already been through several processions, mummification, and embalming. This particular procession’s goal is to lead not just the body, but also the spirit into the afterlife. People of both high and low classes attended this procession, carrying with them the tomb goods (Hays 6-7). The second depicted
The Egyptians during this period took ample time and detail on the mummification process to ensure a successful transition from the netherworld to rebirth. The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, 1025-980 B.C., it’s a depiction of how the Egyptians valued and honored their elite members of society, as well as their gods. The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, itself dates back to the III intermediate period in Egyptian culture. The Egyptian believe was to join Osiris, whom was believed to have ascended to Netherworld and accomplished eternal life.
...Persian mūm meaning ‘wax’. In ancient Egypt, at the earliest stage, the people buried the dead in pits in the desert. The dryness and heat from the desert dehydrated the body, creating a lifelike natural ‘mummy’. The ancient Egyptians believed that part of the human spirit was permanently linked to the viability of the body.
The history and tradition of Egypt is one of the most greatly studied and admired of all past world civilizations. The lure of the pyramids and the specter of the sphinx have led many archeologists to dedicate his/her life to unraveling the mysteries of ancient Egyptian culture. Arguably, the most captivating aspect of Egypt’s past is that of mummification. Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead? What beliefs did the Egyptians have regarding the after life? What portion of the Egyptian civilization was mummified? What was the Book of the Dead? This is a mere sampling of the questions that come to my mind when I think of ancient Egyptian culture. I hope to lay forth answers to these questions and many more in the following pages dedicated to the history and purpose behind Egyptian mummification.
The Egyptians believed very much in life after death. As Taylor states in Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt, “It is often observed that they appear to have devoted greater efforts and resources to preparing for the afterlife than to creating a convenient environment for living” (Taylor, 2001:12). The Egyptians viewed life on earth as one stage and death as the beginning of another. They believed that, “human existence did not end with death and that survival of the body played a part in the new life” (Taylor, 2001:12). One of the key elements in the Egyptian culture and religion was the preservation of the body. The body was the most important aspect because it was like a portal through which an individual could continue to live after death (Taylor, 2001:46). The Egyptians began building tombs for these bodies to keep them from decaying.
Modern day embalming may have started in the United States, but a different form was used in ancient times across the world. The most famous example of preserving
It is still unknown to why her body is still in good preservation. In her veins there is to believe that red colour is still inside them. Her love for people might be the cause to her mummification and with that she is now known as one of the worlds best preserved mummies. The experts who examined her body interoperated that she had a meal before the heart attack due to the hundred melon seeds in her stomach. It is also to believe that when she died they buried her in a large place full of well preserved artefacts. Artefacts are also known to be an important part to this history because it tells us about how they lived and used these artefacts.
illogical to some, the reasons for embalming the dead made perfect sense to the Egyptians. Mummification kept corpses in a desiccate, pristine condition; the body must be suitable for the owner’s spirit to return for a rendezvous, as per Egyptian belief (Evans, 20)....
The Egyptian Process of Mummification In ancient Egyptian society, preserving a body after death was an important process necessary for entrance into an immortal existence. According to Egyptian belief, the soul did not die. The soul would take the form of a bird, usually a falcon, and fly around in the world of the living returning later its dead body. The importance of preserving the body revolved around the idea that the roaming soul would be able to recognize the right body and return to it.
The most common ancient Egyptian burial practice is the mummification process as depicted in source B. Mummification is a ritual that embalmers performed when a pharaoh died. Source B is a photograph of the canoptic jars which are a main component of the mummification process. The first step in the mummification process is the removal and preservation of most of the internal organs, such as the lungs, the stomach, the liver and intestines. These organs are then separately embalmed and placed into canoptic jars as source B reveals. These jars were often decorated with one of the four animal-headed sons of the god Horus. Each head is believed to be the protector of each organ within the jar and is dedicated to a specific deity. The preservation of the organs is significant as they allowed the dead person to breathe and eat in the afterlife. The internal organs were then wrapped and put into either the body or put in boxes instead of sitting in jars. Canoptic jars were still placed in the tomb but they were solid or empty and provided a symbolic purpose. In Tutankhamun’s tomb the canoptic jars were discovered in a shrine that was found in the treasury room of the tomb. Source B is useful is when understanding the mummification process.
In the present time, Ancient Egypt is one of the most notable early civilizations that took care in preserving the bodies of their dead (Wikipedia.com). However, preservation of the deceased’s body advanced during the Age of
The Egyptians did not understand how important the heart was in terms of blood circulation, as we understand it today. Their belief was that the heart was connected to all the other parts of the body, via canals, which were used to transport bodily fluids and waste to their appropriate locations. The brain’s only purpose was to transport mucus to the nose, and therefore it was overlooked when it came to preserving organs during the process of mummification.... ... middle of paper ...
...e. They believed the physical body had to be preserved to allow a place for their spirit to dwell in the afterlife. Because of this, mummification was performed to preserve the body.
Thus, the art and architecture of Ancient Egypt stemmed directly from their religion. Egyptian theology, with its deified pharaohs and strange animal-headed gods, was complicated, but the most important belief was that survival after death depended upon the preservation of the body. This belief would influence the architectural design of the tomb, where the corpse was ultimately sealed (Silverman:142, 1997). Immortality was only for privileged royal and priestly beings (Stierlin:54, 1983).This implies that their tombs would be somewhat prestigious and not just and ordinary burial site. At the day of resurrection the Ka or soul would re-enter the dead body; this meant that it must be there, intact, ready for that moment. It followed logically, that 'once the corpse was embalmed or mummified, it must be preserved in an impregnable tomb.