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Evaluate sleep disorders and their causes
Evaluate sleep disorders and their causes
Conclusions on sleep disorders
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Justin has returned following a diagnostic sleep study combined with multiple sleep latency test. The diagnostic study revealed reasonable sleep onset latency of 29 minutes with a reduced sleep efficiency of 70% and a total sleep time of 6.5hrs. Overall there was mild sleep apnoea with an apnoea/hypopnoea index of 6.4 events/hr (normal < 5). During non-supine sleep, there was no notable sleep apnoea however during supine sleep, respiratory events were noted particularly during supine REM sleep where the AHI was as high as 45, although this needs to be interpreted with caution given only 20 minutes of sleep was recorded in this position.
During the multiple sleep latancy test performed the following day, no sleep was recorded indicating
Concerning his sleep, Ransley generally retires to bed between 10.30 and 11.00pm with short sleep onset latency. There is a history of snoring and witnessed aponeas. He describes fragmented sleep, but significant sleep maintenance insomnia. There is infrequent nocturia and no significant restless legs symptoms. When he wakes at around 4.30am, he often feels initially refreshed, but within a couple of hours will start to become somnolent and will often nap for half an hour between 1.00 and 3.00pm.
The Big Sleep - Characterization of Vivian and Carmen in the Movie and the Book
Chronic sleep loss is becoming more common in modern culture and less restricted to sleep-deprived diseases such as insomnia. Suggested to be the result of a number car, industrial, medical, and other occupational accidents, sleep deprivation is beginning to be recognized as a public concern. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control
Gomes, Ana Allen, Jose Taveres, and Maria Helena Azevedo. “Sleep-Wake Patterns and Academic Performance in University Students.” 7 Oct. 2002: 7. Education-Line Database. 2 Feb. 2004. <http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00002200.htm.>
possible night of sleep. In the next section, I will look at a couple of hypotheses on:
In this experiment conducted by Turner, T.H. et al (2007), the researchers studied a sample of healthy, young individuals. Forty subjects total eighteen who were women spent six full nights and five days at the University of California, at San Diego General Clinical Research Center’s J Christian Gillin Laboratory of Sleep and Chronobiology. For this experiment participants were excluded for reasons such as having psychiatric history, a significant medical condition, or taking nicotine or any illegal substance. Three days prior to the study, participants were requested to halt consumption of any and all alcohol and caffeine. A polysomnography was completed over the course of the first night to identify or rule out the existence of any intrinsic sleep disorder that a participant may have had prior to the study. Furthermore, those being observed had to maintain a habitual sleep schedule of around seven to nine hours per night. After the second night, the total sleep deprivation (TSD) period began, where participants were to remain awake for the duration of the experiment. During TSD, subjects were able to move but were not allowed to take part in strenuous exercise, sun exposure, using of any type of stimulant, or sleeping. Various continuous recognition tests (CRTs) designed to observe working memory and sleep deprivation were administered to the
Wilson, J.F. (2005). Is sleep the new vital sign? Annals of Internal Medicine, 142 (10), 877-880.
I was able to successfully complete four sleep pattern logs, including two week days and two weekend days. After comparing my sleep logs to each other, I believe that I have an adequate amount of sleep each day. Sleep is something that is important for growth, creative thinking, restoring and rebuilding memories, recuperation and protection of humans as individuals (Meyers, 98). Getting adequate sleep has great effects on our bodies.
I realize that a brief summary article like this does not provide all the details of the experimental methodology, but a couple of things that were reported in the article struck me as curious. The researchers studied physical functioning (cortisol levels, etc.) in men who had a normal night’s sleep (eight hours in bed) the first three nights of the study, followed by a period of sleep deprivation (four hours in bed) the next six nights of the study, and finally a period of sleep recovery (12 hours in bed) the last seven nights of the study. In reporting the effects on the body (the discussion of glucose metabolism, in the fifth paragraph of the article) the author’s compare the sleep deprivation stage only to the sleep recovery stage, not to normal sleep. This seems to me like doing an experiment on drunkenness and comparing the drunk stage to the hangover stage, without ever reporting what happens when the person is sober.
The test results were normal and the recorded long periods of silence and every now and then movement, a cough, maybe a little snore but that was all. At any rate, stage 2 (NREM-2) of the sleep cycle produces what is known as sleep spindles or bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity which lasts about twenty minutes. As your heart rate begins to slow down and your body temperature drops you transition into a deeper sleep and this is stage 3 (NREM-3) of the sleep cycle. Slower brain waves or delta waves occur and a person becomes less responsive to any activity around them, such as noise. The person becomes like that of a dead person or at least that is what my Uncle Herbert would say. He told me I sleep like I am dead. He said he pinched me and hollered at me and I still would not wake up.
“Twelve Simple Tips to Improve Your Sleep.” (2009, Dec. 18). The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Healthy
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.
Sleep is a very important factor in the human function. Our body and brain is able to reset itself and rejuvenate while we sleep. When we do not get the required amount of sleep, we start to feel lethargic and foggy minded, because our mind and body wasn’t able to replenish itself. Sleep is imperative that an insignificant rest deficiency or lack of sleep can affect our ability to remember things; decisions and can affect our temperament. Chronic sleep deficiency can get the body to feel agitated and it could lead to serious health problems such as, heart problems, stress, acne, and obesity.
Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 July 2013. Web. 7 May 2014. .
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.