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Iron deficiency anemia literature review
Short note on anemia
Iron deficiency anemia literature review
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After further analysis of case study 1, Ms. A is suffering is the most common type of anemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia. Iron deficiency occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) is lower than normal in the body. The protein is answerable for carrying oxygen in the body’s tissues, which is important for body tissues and muscles to function successfully (Oxygen at altitude,2009). Short of sufficient iron the hemoglobin is not producing enough making someone become anemic, several causes can develop iron deficiency anemia, such as breast breastfeeding, menstruation, blood donation, endurance training, digestive conditions, foods, and caffeinated drinks. And in this case study Ms. A has a bigger cause for iron deficiency anemia that is during mensuration
Public health officials estimate that up to 50% of all antibiotics use in the U.S is either unnecessary or in appropriate.
T. Paulette Sutton is one of the world’s leading experts in bloodstains and is the former Assistant Director of Forensic Services and Director of Investigations at the University of Tennessee, Memphis. She has been involved in nationally known murder cases and has worked hard during her long career to make a position contribution to the legal system. Sutton says, “Its best for my fellow man that we get the killers off the street.” Since 2006 Sutton has been officially retired but continues to teach, consult, and testify about her area of expertise.
Rosa Lee Cunningham is a 52-year old African American female. She is 5-foot-1-inch, 145 pounds. Rosa Lee is married however, is living separately from her husband. She has eight adult children, Bobby, Richard, Ronnie, Donna (Patty), Alvin, Eric, Donald (Ducky) and one child who name she did not disclose. She bore her eldest child at age fourteen and six different men fathered her children. At Rosa Lee’s recent hospital admission to Howard University Hospital emergency room blood test revealed she is still using heroin. Though Rosa Lee recently enrolled in a drug-treatment program it does not appear that she has any intention on ending her drug usage. When asked why she no longer uses heroin she stated she doesn’t always have the resources to support her addiction. Rosa Lee is unemployed and receiving very little in government assistance. She appears to
According to National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises of the brain and the spinal cord. CNS is coated and protected by myelin sheath that is made of fatty tissues (Slomski, 2005). The inflammation and damage of the myelin sheath causing it to form a scar (sclerosis). This results in a number of physical and mental symptoms, including weakness, loss of coordination, and loss of speech and vision. The way the disease affect people is always different; some people experience only a single attack and recover quickly, while others condition degenerate over time (Wexler, 2013). Hence, the diagnosis of MS is mostly done by eliminating the symptoms of other diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both men and women, but generally, it is more common in women more than men. The disease is most usually diagnosed between ages 20 and 40, however, it can occur at any age. Someone with a family history of the disease is more likely to suffer from it. Although MS is not
The first scenario is a four-year-old little girl name, Lily. The patient is a Caucasian female who has symptoms of a blood disorder called (“Zelman, M. Ph.D., Tompary, E., Raymond, J. Ph. D., Holdaway, P. MA, & Mulvihill, M.L. Ph.D”, 2010) “Iron Deficiency”. Lily mother is
Hemochromatosis is a disease which makes your body absorb all of the iron in food, instead of regulating iron intake. Hemochromatosis “attacks” the entire body, especially the places where most of the iron normally goes: the bloodstream and liver. Some symptoms of this disease are bone and joint discomfort, liver problems, irregular heartbeat, and an unusual bronzing of the skin. Armand Trousseau first described it in 1865 as Diabetes bronze, due to people with diabetes showing the bronze-skin symptom. It was thought to be quite rare at the time. About “⅓ or ¼ of people of Western European descent have th...
Inadequate iron stores in the blood cause iron deficiency anemia. Iron is needed for the production of hemoglobin needed for red blood cells. Hemoglobin is important in the transport of oxygen to the body tissues. In the United States, 10-30% of the entire population suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Women are more likely to be anemic because of poor eating habits and blood loss during menstruation. Thus, many women enter pregnancy with reduced iron stores or some level of anemia. According to multiple studies on anemia and pregnancy o...
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 400,000 Americans. It occurs two to three more times in women than in men and is most prevalent in women in their early thirties which makes researcher believe hormones play a significant role in developing MS. Patients can go through periods of relapse and remission with the possibility of the symptoms getting progressively worse with each occurrence. Statistics show that eighty percent who have MS will live twenty or plus years after its onset. Even with all the recent medical advances and research, MS is an overwhelming diagnosis to encounter.
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
D. standing near her room, breathing sharply. While asked what has just happened, she answered, ‘I feel dizzy and can faint!’ Mrs. D. then explained that she rose up from her chair in the television room and felt lightheaded. I decided to bring her to the room hoping she would feel less dizziness if she could sit. After consultation with my mentor and third year unit nursing student, I decided to perform measurement of her vital signs. Since only electronic sphygmomanometer was available for me that time, I had to use it for my procedure. Gladly, I discovered that I have already used such equipment in my previous nursing practice. Using the standard sized calf, I found that her blood pressure was 135/85, respirations were 16, and her pulse was 96 beats per minute (bpm). However, I decided to recheck the pulse manually, founding that it was irregular (78 bpm). The patient stated that she felt better after rest. Immediately after the incident I made a decision to explore carefully the medical chart of Mrs. D., along with her nursing care plan. That helped me to discover multiple medical diagnoses influencing her
The patient is 71-year-old African American female villager PMD on Saturday for a checkup and the doctor told her to come to the ED because of a low hemoglobin. The patient reports having seen blood in her stool for the last 2 weeks in 2-3 episodes. The blood was mixed with dark and bright red associated with feeling lightheaded. She denies any fever chills, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. She has had some intermittent constipation. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and dementia. The only meds she is on is 81 mg of aspirin daily and when necessary ibuprofen. It does not appear to be on any medicine for her blood pressure. Her initial BP is 176/86 with a pulse of 88. She is oxygenating well on
What are the three or four most important drivers of Microsoft’s business model over the past 10 to 15 years that have accounted for the company’s spectacular results?
Treatment option for the disorder includes; blood transfusion, which is done to replace the affected hemoglobin, Excess iron removal from the blood stream by administering folic acid to the patient, bone mirror transplant and sometime a surgery may be required
Polycythaemia is a blood disorder defined as an increase in blood erythrocyte concentration. Absolute polycythaemia is where this increase is caused by greater erythrocyte production, determined by measuring the haematocrit level, with one study showing that 83% of sufferers have a haematocrit level of >55%. This should not be confused with relative polycythaemia, caused by a decrease in blood plasma volume often secondary to hypertension. Interestingly, those affected tend to also have increased blood platelet and white cell concentrations, which correlates well with the notion that the disease is caused by a genetic defect in the haematopoietic stem cell population within the bone marrow. Studies have shown the median age of onset to be 60, although a Mayo Clinic study in Olmstead County, Minnesota showed it to be slightly higher, at between 70 and 79 years, with men affected more than women – though the reason behind the gender inequality is currently unknown. In addition, its prevalence within the US is thought to be in the region of 50/100,000. Furthermore, it has long been known that Finnish skier and seven time Olympic champion Eero Mantyranta suffered from the disease, and it is often stated that his success, at least in part, can be put down to his polycythaemia – indeed experiments have shown that it can increase the blood oxygen carrying capacity by up to 50%, an undeniable asset to any endurance athlete. However, the disease can also prove fatal in many cases because the thickened blood increases the probability of clot formation, giving deep vein thrombosis and potentially pulmonary embolus. It is this double edged nature of polycythaemia that first took ...
Overall all the different forms of anaemia are caused due to lack of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood. Both of these are important for the transportation of oxygen through the blood around the body. The period during pregnancy is one of the very important time frames for the causes of anaemia as the mother can lack iron in her blood cause an impact on the unborn baby so many babies are born with this deficiency and therefore causes the disorder to been hereditary. The causes are if the rate of iron loss or use is more than the rate of absorption. This is a a matter that occurs very often and is very common in pregnant women this obviously indicates that intake of iron before pregnancy is poor [4]. However iron deficiency is the most neglected nutrient deficiency in the world, particularly among pregnant women and children in developing countries [7]. In a pregnant women when the theres a increase in the red cell mass the haemoglobin is effected. The haemoglobin levels are effected during the beginning of a pregannacy and duing the end of it. During the beginning there is a decrease and towards the end there is a increase. The rason to why there is a increase during the early period is the because of...