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Negative effects of procrastination
Procrastinating and its negative effects
Goal setting theories and models
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Many individuals often times procrastinate when it comes to different duties. From the time one is born, they learn to either get things done or procrastinate. The decision is up to the individual, and each time it comes to performing a specific duty it is a decision that must be made by the individual. If the individual is motivated to do something, they will perform the duty without procrastinating; however, if they are not motivated, they will tend to procrastinate (Díaz-Morales, Cohen, & Ferrari, 2008). Many theorists have come up with different theories about this phenomenon. Among these are Rousseau, Locke, and Latham.
Regarding the Connections Between Motivation, Personality, and Decision Making
Locke and Latham described a goal as something the individual was motivated in wanting to achieve (Wang, 2012). The individual had made the decision in wanting to complete the task or mission in completing. The more determined the individual was to complete it, the less they would procrastinate in doing the task (Wang, 2012). This could be associated with a teacher and a student with a similar task. The teacher wants to complete the goal of introducing and explaining the solar system to the class; whereas, the student wants to make an A in the class. Both the student and teacher have their goals in mind when attempting the same task, but they will be motivated by different incentives in getting the task completed.
Locke and Latham did studies within the goal-setting theory field over a 25 year span with over 400 field and laboratory studies (Locke & Latham, New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory, 2006). They found as long as an individual is committed to the task they are supposed to perform (motivation), there is not any con...
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...Should We Do about Motivation Theory? Six Recommendations for the Twenty-First Century. The Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 388-403. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20159050
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2006). New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 15(5), 265-268. Retrieved from http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/Articles%20syllabus/Locke%20et%20al%20New%20dir%20goal%20setting%2006.pdf
McDowell, J. D. (2011). Reinventing the Wheel: A New Spin on American Business Leadership. Regent Global Business Review, 5(1), 6-11. Retrieved from http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/rgbr/vol5iss1/MCDOWELL_RGBR_Vol5Iss1.pdf
Wang, S.-K. (2012). Motivation: A General Overview of Theories. Retrieved from Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology: http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?title=Motivation
Goal congruence is needed as it ensures that a person’s goals are in line w...
Most recent theories on motivation conclude that people will start certain behaviors under the belief that this behavior will accomplish desired goals or outcomes. With Lewin (1936) and Tolman (1932) leading the charge, the goal-oriented behavior led researchers to want to understand more on the psychological value people attribute to goals, people’s expectations on reaching these goals, and the structures which keep people striving to achieve these goals. After some recent findings on goal-oriented behavior, researchers were able to differentiate different types of goals, whereas before researchers assumed that goals that were valued the same, with the same expectations of achievement, would need the same amount
Wang, S.‑K., & Han, S. (2001). Six c�s of motivation. In M. Orey (Ed.), Learning, teaching, & technology. Retrieved September 15, 2002, from University of Georgia, Dept. of Instructional Technology Web site: http://itstudio.coe.uga.edu/ebook/6csmotivation.htm
Procrastination in terms of weakness of will has only been recently discussed in philosophical discourse. According to Richard Holton, weakness of will or the lack of willpower is defined as acting against one’s values or when one is too easily able to reconsider their intentions. Procrastination, by definition, is the act of avoiding completing tasks often until rearing that deadline. Procrastination has commonly been viewed as irrational and has held a negative connotation, partly due to being considered a willful act by an individual. Procrastination, like other aspects that resemble a lack of willpower, is naturally attached to the concept of weakness of will by not only laymen, but also theorists and philosophers. Only recently has procrastination
Keller, John M. (2006). What Are the Elements of Learner Motivation? Retrieved July 4, 2011
Steers, T. M., Mowday, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory. The Academy of Management Review, 29 (3), 379-387.
Ferrari, J. R. (2010). Still procrastinating: the no-regrets guide to getting it done. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviours. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. Goal Setting is where we set specific targets aims that we wish to achieve, they need to be S.M.A.R.T or else they become dreams rather than believable goals. .
People all procrastinate at one time or another. Procrastination is the practice of delaying work on important tasks in favor of less challenging ones. Chronic procrastinating hinders productivity and affects our state of mind by creating anxiety and stress (Reichelt). As deadlines approach, one often feels frustration and guilt for not starting on a task earlier. We often assume that projects won't take as long to finish as they really will, which often results in a mad scramble to finish the project in the twenty-four hours before the projects deadline. One of the biggest factors contributing to procrastination is the misconception that we need to be inspired or in the mood to work on the task at hand (Reichelt). However, the reality is that if you wait for the “right time” you will most likely wait for an indefinite amount of time and the task will never get completed.
American psychotherapist, author and lecture Wayne Dyer once said, “Procrastination is one of the most common and deadliest of diseases and its toll on success and happiness is heavy.” When one procrastinates, they put things off to be done last minute, which then leads to stress, unhappiness and failure. As a college student Procrastination hinders my academic caree6r. Students procrastinate because they get distracted, overwhelmed by the task or just lazy, however students can overcome procrastination by developing a schedule, carefully planning academic task and improving time management. My personal experinces, O'Reilly, Sally’s article, and Edwin C. Bliss’s book will validate my panaceas to procrastination.
Procrastination is a common threat to both personal and professional productivity. It is defined as putting off or delaying something that needs to done. The "something," often varies and may be anything from a chore at home to an important project at work or in college. People procrastinate for numerous reasons such as a lack of confidence, the complex nature of the task, or simply a lack of interest or focus.
Steers, Richard M., Richard T. Mowday, and Debra L. Shapiro. "Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory." The Academy of Management Review 29.3 (2004): 379. Print.
About 4 out of every 10 people avoid facing difficult task and deliberately look for distractions, and unfortunately there are distractors everywhere. When there is a significant period between when you intended do a job and the time you actually did it, you procrastinated.
Motivation is the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximizing employee’s motivation is a necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organization’s targets and objectives. However, this is a considerable challenge to any organizations managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that, there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins,2002).
Petri, H. L. (2004). Motivation Theories, Research and Application. (5th Ed ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.