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Essays On Motivation Theories
Essays On Motivation Theories
Research proposal on impact of motivation on employee performance
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When reading “hope beyond the budgeting model” I felt that there was a redundancy in asserting the theory that goals should not be set because they only provide employees with the motivation to do the bare minimum to reach the set objective. The main focus in the article was to try to reward goals based upon performance compared to others within the company (yet still trying to advocate teamwork) and to competitors. An example would be basing the rewards package upon how much an employee’s success helped influence the company’s success in beating the benchmark they had against other competitors as well as against the previous year’s performance. It advocated the idea that if goals are set and used as the primary system for rewarding methods then two things will occur: (1) the employee realizes they cannot achieve the goal if it is too high and will decrease their performance due to the feeling of inadequacy in performance needed to reach the goal and receive the rewards, (2) the other side of the scale is that once they have reached the goal there is no incentive to work harder because there is no further compensation for doing so. Some of the other focuses on motivation were described in the Handelsbanken model of rewards. This banking company from Sweden concentrated on ideas such as aligning rewards with strategic goals, use clear transparent measurements, reward performance of teams, as well as a few others. Their argument is that if employees don’t focus on a set accomplishment line then they can worry less about achieving what they must to meet that line and focus primarily on team work, performance, and contributing to company success and as a result will reap the benefits in the end. Further arguments supporting this model...
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...e employees. Some saw a shortcut to achieving the most sales by placing their associate number on sales that were not theirs. Others would return merchandise under another co-worker’s ID number and resell it with their number on it. The lines of actuality in determining who really sold what became so blurred and misconfigured that the whole contest was in all reality an influence for unethical decision making in the anticipations of receiving rewards. Conclusively, the folly means that sometimes moral lines are crossed if the opportunity is seen to reach the desired outcome in a way that may work but is not how the organization wishes it to be accomplished. A method to combat this critical flaw in rewarding individuals for achieving a set goal is to place more focus on the methods and behavior used to achieve the outcome rather than solely just on the end result.
The company motivates employees by providing “reward” and “engagement”. Reward is evaluating the employees properly and giving reasonable salary, and are divided into three parts:
“Most people in the U.S. want to do the right thing, and they want others to do the right thing. Thus, reputation and trust are important to pretty much everyone individuals and organizations. However, individuals do have different values, attributes, and priorities that guide their decisions and behavior. Taken to an extreme, almost any personal value, attribute, or priority can “cause” an ethical breach (e.g. risk taking, love of money or sta...
The movie “Glengarry Glen Ross” presented a series of ethical dilemmas that surround a group of salesmen working for a real estate company. The value of business ethics was clearly undermined and ignored in the movie as the salesmen find alternatives to keep their jobs. The movie is very effective in illustrating how unethical business practices can easily exist in the business world. Most of the time, unethical business practices remain strong in the business world because of the culture that exists within companies. In this film, the sudden demands from management forced employees to become irrational and commit unethical business practices. In fear of losing their jobs, employees were pressured to increase sales despite possible ethical ramifications. From the film, it is right to conclude that a business transaction should only be executed after all legal and ethical ramifications have been considered; and also if it will be determined legal and ethical to society.
The case study of Jacob Franklin, aged 25, offers an analysis of how unethical decisions can damage a company and the repercussions that these decisions cause. Jacob was aware of the unethical situations happening around him, but he was new and unexperienced to the business and it seems that at some point, his hands were tight and he did not have much control to change them. On the other hand, he had plenty of opportunities to make ethical decisions.
In addition to feedback, goals have been found to be more effective when they are tied to employee evaluations. The results of employee evaluations typically carry great weight when it comes to raises, bonuses, and potential advancement. Tying these types of rewards to successful goal completion also improves performance and increases goal commitment among employees (House, 1971). Incorporating deadlines to specific goals is also attributed to elevated performance levels. The motivation levels of the employee increase to meet goals within set deadlines and receive positive feedback (Lunenburg, 2011). As organizations focus on employee satisfaction and motivation, goal setting will remain an important aspect of management practices. In today’s economy, organizations are competing for top talent and ensuring employee satisfaction among job tasks is an important piece of talent retention.
It is clear in reviewing the FM case that the corporate executive’s personal morals were overrun by their desire to attain personal incentives and bonuses. Lack of internal controls allowed the executives to control what was reported to ensure the goal was attained. (Jennings, 2009) Retaining control and limiting devolution kept those below the executive ranks largely in the dark. The executive team used the corporate goals to manage behaviors from the top down, ignoring and or eliminating those who questioned their processes. (Marken, 2004) Reviewing the impact of how goals and incentives are communicated and calculated is a valuable lesson in understanding the balance between personal morals and attaining corporate goals. (Schultz & Wehmeier, 2010)
Everybody in the world need to work to earn money. We can find that there are different jobs have different relationships between the employers and their employees. Most of the workers find that there are some necessary pacification that job should have. Directors thought workers just work for earn money, in fact ,workers need well work place where they feel comfortable. Also managers should motivate their workers by many ways. This essay will discuss what workers consider important in a job and what can managers do to motive work place.
I discovered how sticking to one’s morals should be the topmost priority for everyone involved in business, whether personal or professional. Regardless of what the consequences may be, the intensity of the problem, and the complexities it may bring, sacrificing one’s integrity should never be an option, as integrity goes hand-in-hand with the morals of an individual (Duggan & Woodhouse, 2011). They further go on to say that having individuals take part in building a code of ethics that supports employee integrity, they will act ethically. Also, I believe that companies should place more emphasis on the moral behavior of their employees, and clear-cut policies should be set regarding such ethical situations. Furthermore, I realized how serving justice while making decisions really helps in the long run, and that opting to go for the ideal rather than they deserved is not always the best option, and could hurt a company in more than one
There are many motivational theories thought to be the key source of employee engagement. The expectancy theory of motivation ultimately suggests that human beings are driven to accomplish a goal not only because it is perceived as desirable, but also because the goal appears to be achievable. The goal setting theory of motivation suggests that goals need to be clear and measurable. The equity theory of motivation is “based on the idea that individuals are motivated by fairness, and if they identify inequities in the input/output ratios of themselves and their referent group, they will seek to adjust their input to reach their perceived equity” (Hawks, n.d.). Finally, psychological empowerment suggest that all employees have some basic needs that must first be satisfied in order to provide the framework for further motivation and empowerment. The pay for performance strategy used by American Express encompasses many of the motivational theories represented above. Most importantly, the expectancy theory, as this theory recognizes that employee behavior is directed toward a goal that is both desirable and
...e “ The reward system of the organisation guides the actions that generally have the greatest impact on the motivation and performance of individual employees”. Similarly, Wah (2000) argues that companies which treat their high-performing employees significantly better than those that don't are the best-performing companies around and they reside in the upper quartile of shareholder returns. In addition Lawler (as cited in, Readings In Contemporary Employment Relations, 1998) states that if all the psychological rewards are removed employees will grudgingly remain at work, however if all the financial rewards are removed they would most likely leave.
Unethical business practices can be exposed to an individual. One may get what they want no matter what the consequences are. An individual may not believe in hard work, dedication, and the ethical way to reach success. This raises a concern on work ethics in future businesses in
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
One reason that the reward/punishment model does not always explain human behavior well is that one person’s reward may be another person’s punishment. “Expectancy theory gives us a partial answer to this question in that it suggests that people are motivated to do things that they expect they can do and when they can expect to receive a reward that they value, but are not motivated if they do not value the reward.” (Clawson 8) So in other words, employees will be motivated to perform their best if they think it will receive reward like a bonus, salary increase, or promotion. (Robbins 224) Managers should not be managing people but rather the inputs and outputs to people, making sure that the desirable outputs were being rewarded and the undesirable outputs were being ignored or punished.
Dwight D. Eisenhower once said, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” Studies have found that high employee motivation goes hand in hand with strong organizational performance and profits. Therefore, managers are given the responsibility of finding the right combination of motivational techniques and rewards to satisfy employees’ needs and encourage great work performance. This becomes a bit more challenging as employees’ needs change from one generation to another. Three of the biggest challenges a manager faces in motivating employees today are the economy and threats to job security, technological advances, and company cultures that primarily focus on the bottom line.
Business nowadays encounter with a lot of moral challenges in today’s global economy. Everyone is thriving to be more successful than their competitors, to make their next profits, to keep their job, to earn a big bonus, or to compete effectively. There exists temptation to bend lines, omit information, and do whatever it takes to get ahead of their competition. Many business employees and executives succumb. Sadly, the theme becomes...