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Mongols impact on the world
The rise and fall of the Mongol empire
Impacts of the Mongol Empire
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In comparison to many battles between multiple civilizations in history, each side of the warfare or argument will have their foes. To tie this theory into the documents, the Mongols were recorded to have many foes. The enemies that they had were the populations that disagreed with them or abandoned [escaped] them. Throughout the documents and further reading of historical context, the Mongols were defined as brutal attackers that did not settle their disputes in a what could be considered “proper” manner. Although, my previous statement may be slightly accurate, the Mongols are also credited for having the largest empire known to man, successful power and military, and advancements in trade and conquest. The Mongol empire accomplished the conquest of a large territory in a short amount of time because they were productive in the creation of strategic propositions, adequate in execution, and brave in all aspects of warfare. …show more content…
Documents 1, 2, and 7 explain how the Mongols scintillatingly composed dynamic plans to conquer neighboring lands and power them under Mongol dominion.
Documents 3 and 5 support the contributions of all creditors in Mongol power; the tools, the horses, the men, the women, and the weapons used to conquer many lands. In addition, Documents 4 and 6 can be compared by which they both further explain authority, while Documents 8 and 9 clarifies Chinggis Khan’s and Pope Innocent IV’s points of view on each other’s power. Documents 1, 2, and 7 clarify Mongol planning and successful execution. Document 1 distinguished how Chinggis Khan had strategically thought out a plan to perplex the Cathay when they attempted to invade the Mongols. Document 2 explains how they invaded, “...came in countless numbers, like locusts, into the land…” Document 7 explains Genghis’s reasoning for his attacks on the, “... Tangut people who rebelled against him” Furthermore, the Tangut people underestimated Genghis Khan’s authority, making them a foe in the Mongol’s
eyes. Document 3 is counted for the many weapons, and tricks the Mongols had up there sleeves, and Document 5 further explains the many roles and duties of the men and women throughout their daily lives. The Mongol empire and more specifically, Genghis Khan, were responsible for impacting the Silk Road by creating the Passport, but little is said about the many contributions to war efforts that they had. Calvary and Mobility are just two broad topics that the Mongol empire innovated. The Mongols were known for their warfare and were credited with bravery, although there confidence may have something to do with their advantages over other societies. Document 4 explains the Mongol’s authority and power, while Document 6 focuses its information on Ogedei and his outlooks. Document 6 comes from an eyewitness, and is one example of a point of view towards the Mongols. According to the eyewitness’s standpoint, Ogedei was announced to be very lavish in promoted peace and charitable for good deeds. Another example of a point of view would be document 7, where Pope Innocent IV expresses his opinion on Chinggis’ victories. Genghis replies to his letter to initiate Pope Innocent IV under his ruling, and threatens the consequences of the Pope’s possible rebellions. In these two documents alone, we can somewhat get a sense of the Mongols having foes.
...trospectively. The menacing creature that is Genghis Kahn went overboard to gain as much power as he did. His strategies didn’t allow failure. Unfortunately, his success was from a sociopathic standpoint. Every win by Khan, was a loss for all others. (doc D and doc F) The law codes composed by Kahn were ridiculously unjust and ignited insolence in all men. (doc K and doc N) The yam system was the only completely harmless innovation/method created by Kahn. (doc L) Meanwhile, millions of people were still systematically murdered by Genghis and his stupendous army. (doc E and doc I) All but monotheistic religions were practically snubbed. (doc H, doc G, and doc M). The Mongols will always remain the “barbarians,” for if a society were to emerge that, by some supernatural force, exceeds the brazenness of the Mongol Empire, it would be the end of the world as we know it.
To start, the mongols were able to used brutal and strategic military tactics that helped them conquer more than 4,800,000 miles of land. The Mongols leader “Genghis Khan” was a very smart and strategic leader. He organized his army into groups of ten, hundred, and one thousand. If such groups runs away or flees, the entire group was put to death. Genghis Khans army was able to succeed in conquering land due to horses. His army
... were positive, one may argue that these individuals only saw the tolerant and fair-minded side of the Mongols, and not the relentless warrior part of the society who was known for its “dirty” tactics of war, which went as far as launching diseased-ridden corpses over the walls of castles during sieges. Alternatively, one may argue that the scholars who provided negative documentation of the Mongols only saw the destructive side, not the open-minded side of the society who were known for their cultural acceptance. Although these accounts allowed for an adequate idea of the nature of the Mongols, a record from a peasant who was not a member of the upper class in their society, as all reports presented were from historians, scholars, and political leaders. This would allow for a different perspective on the issue and would produce a better understanding of the topic.
The Mongols, or as the Western Europeans called them, the Tartars, were a nomadic, militant people that dominated the battlefield during the pre-industrial time period (“Tartars” 7). Over the span of the 13th century, from the Central Asian steppes in the east to the Arabian lands to the west, the Tartars subdued the unfortunate inhabitants and expanded their empire vastly. To the fear and dismay of the Western Europeans, the Tartars desired to triumph over all of Eurasia; therefore, the Western Europeans were to be conquered next. News of the imminent Tartarian attack rapidly spread through West Europe like a wildfire, and the powerful Holy Roman Church contended to prepare a strategy against the onslaught. In the year 1245, Pope Innocent IV, the head of the Church at the time, sent a group of Friars led by Giovanni da Pian del Carpini to gather some knowledge about the Tartars. It was a dreaded mission, one that would probably end in a terrible death, since the Tartars were a cruel people towards outsiders. Nevertheless, Carpini valiantly ventured into the unknown darkness, and returned to his homeland with valuable information about the Tartars. Through the insight he gained during his travels, he wrote his account of the Tartars in a report called the “Historia Mongalorum” (“Tartars” 19), which is known today as “The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars”.
Mongol empire was the largest land empire of the world has ever seen. First began as a nomadic group of tribes. Mongols were united and emerged into an empire that conquered lands stretching from Europe to Central Asia under the rule of Genghis Khan. The Mongol empire was able to succeed in expanding, and conquering was due to their ability to adapt to any living conditions, their sheer brutality force, and their strong military organization.
Weatherford, J. McIver. Genghis Khan and the making of the modern world. New York: Crown, 2004.
The most important constituent to the Mongols success was ‘a ruthless use of two psychological weapons, loyalty and fear’ (Gascoigne 2010). Ghengis Khan, the Mongol leader from 1206-1227, was merciless and made a guileful contrast in his treatment of nomadic kinsfolk and settled people of cities. For instance, a warrior of a rival tribe who bravely fights against Ghengis Khan and loses will be r...
When the word “Mongol” is said I automatically think negative thoughts about uncultured, barbaric people who are horribly cruel and violent. That is only because I have only heard the word used to describe such a person. I have never really registered any initial information I have been taught about the subject pass the point of needing and having to know it. I felt quite incompetent on the subject and once I was given an assignment on the book, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern Age, I was very perplexed for two reasons. One I have to read an outside book for a class that already requires a substantial amount of time reading the text, and secondly I have to write a research paper in History. I got over it and read the book, which surprisingly enough interested me a great deal and allow me to see the Moguls for more than just a barbaric group of Neanderthals, but rather a group of purpose driven warriors with a common goal of unity and progression. Jack Weatherford’s work has given me insight on and swayed my opinion of the Mongols.
They struck fear into their enemies eyes with their gruesome affect and fierce actions. They showed no mercy. The Mongols were also known for their surprise attack which spread to other armies making it a keen warfare used all around the world. This battle tactic consisted of a group of men who are fighting out on the battlefield and they begin to retreat only to draw the enemy into a trap. The enemy runs into a rain of arrows as the rest of the men are hiding off to the side with loaded weapons, and fierce ground fighters ready for combat. This is one key that the Mongols had to help them conquer
In the 13th century BC, the Mongols rose to power and conquered an empire whose size still has yet to matched. The Mongols conquered lands such as China, leaving such a lasting influence on them that their legacy still lives on. However, despite the Mongols success, their actions have left a constantly ongoing debate on whether they were barbarians, seen and portrayed by different societies of their time as people with no morale or modern civilities, or civilized people who were just feared by other societies. Although the Mongols are generally now seen as Barbarians because of their violent and barbaric war tactics they used to instill fear in people, they are actually civilized because they had a strategically organized army, and because they were accepting of the customs of other peoples. These two elements would eventually lead them to their success.
Many people associate the word “mongols” with “barbarians” but that was not the case back in the classical era. Ancient Greeks used to call Mongols “barbados” which simply meant “foreigner”. But by the 1200s, “barbarian” received a much more negative atmosphere, referring to people who lived beyond the hands of civilization; people who were savage, cruel, brutal. Another reason that could factor into Mongols receiving such a bad reputation is that they were illiterate, meaning that most of the evidence came from neighbors or conquered places who were upset and furious that “barbarians” took over their land. However, according to some of the documents presented, Mongols were simply strategic and thorough rather than brutal seeing as they had
The success of the Mongol conquests should also be attributed at least in part to two other factors. One was military intelligence. The Mongols had an extensive network of spies and usually had extensive information of an enemy before they engaged them in battle. The other was their use of psychological warfare. Much is made of the total destruction of cities in Central Asia by the Mongols. What is normally overlooked, however, is that this was more of an exception than a rule. If a city capitulated, Ghengis Khan was usually content to let them be, once their defenses had been pulled down. Only those who resisted faced the sword. This not only wiped out resistance, but more importantly, word quickly spread of the wrath of Ghengis Khan, and many peoples found it easier to submit than to resist. In short, although the Mongol successes may appear astounding, they are explainable by ordinary means. One need not look for some mystical explanation. Indeed, to do so does a disservice to the true talents of Ghengis Khan and the Mongols of the thirteenth century.
Kahn, P. (2005). Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chingis Khan. USA: Cheng & Tsui
Hartog, L. D. (2004). Genghis Khan: conqueror of the world (vii ed.). [eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)]. http://dx.doi.org/AN 112269
Weatherford, J. McIver. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Crown, 2004. Print.