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Influence of social environment to human behaviors
Influence of social environment to human behaviors
Factors affecting the time value of money
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Money is defined as a medium for exchange; it is any confirmable record or object that is usable for buying or selling goods and services. Recent research suggests money itself may corrupt; people often act immorally to acquire it. Gino and Mogilner (2014) conducted a four-experiment research that is focused on time, a ubiquitous presence in people’s lives, to offset the harmful effects of money. According to their findings, it can be seen that priming money encourage unethical behavior, and in contrast, prime them to time discourages it. In addition, Gino and Mogilner suggest that by activating the conception of time implicitly, cuts down the rate of cheating behavior by making people engage in self-reflection. However, other research state that the condition when time is constrained need to be considered for the study; participants’ choices are different so the “priming time” study may not be accurate; the money priming study neglects the existence of moral people. Therefore, the link shown between time, money and morality by Gino and Mogilner (2014) may not be too applicable as the priming has limitations.
In contrast to the time prime study by Gino and Mogilner (2014), Jones (1991) found a relationship between time deliberation and moral judgment. When people feel time constrained, people may act less ethically. As gathering facts is needed, making moral judgments takes time and energy, having more time to make a decision could discourage unethical behavior, decrease the incentive to cheat and increase moral awareness. Jones is not alone in investigating the relationship between time and moral judgment, in a study by Suter and Hertwig (2011), 67 psychology students were randomly assigned to either the no-time pressure conditi...
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...ple feel time constrained, they act less ethically. The second limitation is participants are different and they are not experiencing the same social stimulus, therefore the results are not too applicable to real world scenarios. For instance, higher time for moral judgment leads to less ethical decisions (Zhong et al., 2010). The third limitation is the money prime research neglects the existence of moral people. Although people pledged to give the wealth to the charity may be limit, there are still numbers of people willing to give money towards to charity charitable activity, when charity is concerned in the money prime situation (Sanghera, 2011). Although Gino and Mogilner (2014) convincingly shown a link between time, money and morality has important applications, the three limitations stated run limit the usefulness and applicability to real world scenarios.
The moral economy functions by enveloping individuals into systems of reciprocity that operate as a key to their daily survival. Bourgois and Schonberg document how these individuals constantly seek one another
Through the eyes of the prosperous, a lack of wealth indicates a fault in character, while their own success is the product of self-control. Paul Buchheit, who analyzed seven different psychological studies in his article titled “Ways the Poor Are More Ethical Than the Rich,” found that “ample evidence exists to show a correlation between wealth and unethical behavior, ...wealth and a lack of empathy for others, and…wealth and unproductiveness” (Buchheit). The relationship between wealth and poor character implies that when people become rich, they start caring more about maintaining their money supply and less about the well-being of others. As wealth increases, generosity, integrity, modesty, and other positive characteristics diminish. Paul Buchheit also noted that “low-income Americans spend a much higher percentage of their income on genuine charitable giving, [with] about two-thirds of ‘charitable’ donations from the rich go[ing] to their foundations and alma maters” (Buchheit). This proves that the wealthy are generally self-absorbed because a large proportion of them, despite having an abundance of money, refrain from devoting it to those in need. When donations are made, it’s only for their own personal benefit. Because the wealthy are programmed to be self-centered, they fail to serve others with their money and instead serve
A man is running late to work one day when he passes by a homeless person asking for help. This man and many others usually consider this particular man to be generous, but since he is late, he ignores the homeless person and continues on his way. One can assume that if he had the time, he would have helped. Does that matter, though, seeing as in that situation, he did not in fact help? Scenarios like this supports Lee Ross and Richard Nisbett’s idea that it is the situation that influences a person’s behavior, not he or she’s individual conscience. Although a person’s individual conscience could play a part in how one behaves in a given scenario, ultimately, the “situational variable” has more impact on the actions of the person than he or she’s morals.
Rest, J., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S., & Bebeau, M. (1999). DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 644-659.
Graham, Jesse and Johnathan Haidt. 2011. The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of
In “The Great Dictator” Charlie Chaplin said “In this world there is room for everyone and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men's souls.” What is greed? Greed is an excessive desire to acquire or possess more than what one needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealth. As a citizen of the United States, many have heard of the term the “American Dream”. James Truslow Adams, in his book “The Epic of America”, which was written in 1931, stated that the American dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.” (Adams p.214-215). It’s according to this dream that many people acquire this goal of becoming successful at all cost in America. At all cost, meaning they would do anything to gain success. The U.S even though it is based on opportunity has fallen to greed. The U.S citizens have fallen to greed because of selfish desires, wanting to maximize profit, and a strong fixation towards self-growth.
An experiment by Gerhard Blickle, and Alexander Schlegel attempted to recreate results of Collins and Schmidt’s study about psychological influences on white-collar crime. The experiment involved personality tests on 150 managers currently working in German corporations and 76 white-collar criminals. They compared the personality results of the criminals to the non-criminals, much like Collins and Schmidt’s experiment in the United States of America. Blickle and Schlegel found that white-collar crime offenders were more hedonistic (Blickle et al., 2006). Hedonistic individuals are those who engage in the pursuit of pleasure. According to the Rational Choice Theory, individuals commit crimes when they perceive the reward is greater than the punishment. For those who tend to pleasure seek, crime would seem the most rational choice. The crime’s reward is worth the possible punishment to these individuals. Blickle and Schlegal also found that narcissistic tendencies were more common in white-collar criminals (Blickle, et al., 2006). Narcissism is described as having overindulgent self interest and care for one’s appearance. These traits can add to the temptations of criminal activity. Caring for only oneself would allow illegally soliciting money from
America has a culture of greed, selfishness and a system that rewards those characteristics. Success at any means necessary is the real American value the one that governs how people live, work and view the world. This frame of mind makes it ok to put other people down to build yourself up and measures success as the number of digits on a paycheck. All of this built upon greed, reinforced by incentive system that rewards a lack of humility, all of which leads to a society that has a few on top crushing the people below them.
Evil is constantly talked about on the news, in history class, and by people in society. But who causes this evil that society is so intrigued by? Author William Golding’s idea of evil in “the darkness of man’s heart” is present in his novel, Lord of the Flies, and in the present world.
(Jensen, 2005, p. 69) could be compared with the importance of desired moral reasoning. The
In every civilized society you will always find many varying forms of morality and values, especially in the United States of America. In Societies such as these you find a mosaic of differing religions, cultures, political alignments, and socio economic backgrounds which suggests that morality and values are no different. In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche discusses morality and the two categories that you will find at the very basis of all varieties of morality. One category of morality focuses on the “Higher Man” and his superiority to all those under him and his caste. The second system is derived from those of a lower caste that may be used by those in higher castes to further themselves and society. These categories as described by Nietzsche are known as Master Morality and Slave Morality. In this modern time in our culture, morality is becoming a more polarizing topic than ever before. Morality is often times held synonymous with religious practice and faith, although morality is an important part of religion and faith, everyone has some variation of morality no matter their religious affiliation or lack thereof. Friedrich Nietzsche’s theories on morality, Master and Slave Morality, describe to categories of morality which can be found at the very basis of most variations of morality. Master and Slave morality differ completely from each other it is not uncommon to find blends of both categories from one person to another. I believe the Master Morality and Slave Morality theories explain not only religious affiliations but also political alignments and stances on certain social issues in American society. By studying the origins and meanings of Nietzsche’s theories, comparing these theories to c...
Generosity and trustworthiness are two personality traits that have a heavy correlation. There is evidence that trustworthiness can be proven to another person through acts of generosity. In the experiment described in this article, people are tested to see how trustworthy they are based on how generous they are in a given situation. The people in this experiment are given no reason to be generous, and their response will show how trustworthy they are. Ten sessions were given in which five people were recipients and five people were senders. They played a series of games that would determine how trustworthy and how generous they would be. The results were around 25 percent of the participants displayed generous traits during the games. A conclusion
Difficult choosing discloses people’s inherited characteristics. The main problem is that society tries to burden us with its ow list of morally good/bad choices. But, every human has its own compass which tells what is morally good/bad, and which situations requires them to make a reasonable decision. So, we can uncover our ability for moral commitment.
“In this country, you gotta make the money first. Then when you get the money, you get the power. Then when you get the power, then you get the women,” a quote said by the infamous Tony Montana in Scarface. Fancy cars, big houses, fur coats, and diamond studded everything seems to attract almost everyone. Movies and TV shows do a great job of showing that this appealing type of life comes with a price, and all that you have to pay to live it. Although these movies are entertaining, they argue that too much greed and materialism can be your downfall.
The limitation of this essay is that no survey has been conducted, and so further research could be done regarding significant issues in time management.