Mitogen Activated Protein

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In plant and animal cells there are particular signals that trigger the release of proteins or other regulatory molecules in order to adjust and maintain homeostasis. Not very many molecules can enter, leave, or cross organelle membranes by themselves. Most molecules require the use of transport proteins. Transporter proteins can only bind to very few substrates at a time and undergoes a conformational change so that only these may be transported across the membrane. In order for cell to have normal growth and development cell signaling is a necessity. When a signal molecule binds to a cell surface receptor protein, it activates and releases a G protein on the inside of the cell. The G protein then stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce large amounts of cyclic AMP with the cell. …show more content…

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is a type of catalysis enzyme. Mitogen is a signal that causes cells to undergo mitosis. Since it is a catalysis it will amplify the transduction signal reaction rate across the membrane. MAP kinase cascade involves a series of accessory proteins which then transduces signal from the activated receptor on the cell surface to the regulatory genes in the nucleus. The activated receptor then undergoes phosphorylation. Activated MEK1/2 eventually will activate ERK1/2 which in turn will activate transcription factors of the AP-1 family. The transcription factors now move to the cell nucleus and bind to the AP-1 motif of DNA. The end results activation of transcription a resultant mRNA is transported from nucleus to the

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