Microprocessor-based Mobile Robot with On-board Vision System Driving Range Golf Ball Retriever
The Golf Retrieving Mobile Robot is an undergraduate thesis of the DLSU students. It is a robot that is capable of retrieving golf balls automatically without the assistance of a person. This is very useful in a driving range or the area where golfers practice their swings to hit golf balls. The robot is named Greg, it is able to accumulate golf balls on the field. The problems that might arise are the confusion of the driving ranges and re-use of golf balls.
The flow of the operation starts from capturing the image, after which is the process image for detection of the borders as well as the golf balls. Using image processing base on the RGB values or the white and non-white image, the system is capable of distinguishing whether the object is a golf ball or not. The logic of the system is created using neural networks. The logic is programmed in such a way that the robot is able to determine how far the golf ball is and whether the object is actually a golf ball or not. The dimples of the golf ball are also one of the considerations they use in creating the logic of the system. The person is able to set the boundaries for the robot to move around. This is done by putting a boundary using blue or red tapes for the robot to sense. The border detection and avoidance is used to prevent the robot from going out of the prescribed area.
The main objective of the system is to be able to identify and retrieve golf balls. There are five main components of the system, namely, the PC compartment, the remote control, the wheels and chassis, the vision system, and the ball counter. The vision system used is the modified desktop computer. Wheels and chassis are utilized to have the mobot move around the field. The robot is capable of moving around and retrieving golf balls by itself, but the user has the option of controlling the robot through the use of the remote control or the master control of the robot. The robot consists of a front wheel which is the caster wheel and a back wheel or the rubber wheels.
The agency I chose to do is the Hillandale golf course, which is located in Durham North Carolina. The reason why I chose to do my project on Hillandale golf course because since the beginning of the semester I have been traveling over to the golf course twice a week for a class learning the rules and the way the game of golf is played. Hillandale golf course is named the “Granddaddy golf course of Durham/ Research Triangle golf”. Hillandale was donated to the Durham area back in 1911 through the philanthropic interests of long-time Durham resident John Sprunt Hill. Donald Ross and Perry Maxwell originally designed the course. Donald Ross had designed the first 9 holes and Perry Maxwell came up with the last 9 holes. Since 1960 over 1.7 million rounds of golf have been played that being an average of 45,000 yearly. This public golf course provides a challenge from each level of players in the game of golf. In 1960, the Hillandale Golf Course was moved to its current location in Durham and was redesigned by George Cobb, who is also the designer of the Surf Club in Myrtle Beach, S.C.
... for a clue as to where the ball will be hit. 'I think you're right,
Transition: First, I want to talk about the equipment used in the game of bowling.
As a romantic, archetype and gothic novel, Victor is responsible for the monsters actions because Victor abandons his creation meaning the creature is dejected and ends up hideous and fiendish. It is unfair to create someone into this world and then just abandon it and not teach it how to survive. The quote from the creature “Why did you make such a hideous creature like me just to leave me in disgust” demonstrates how much agony the creature is in. He is neglected because of his creator. The monster says “The hateful day when I received life! I accurse my creator. Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?” Victor is wholly at fault for his actions, image and evil.
For the construction of the robot, only the Lego pieces and sensors provided in the tackle box were used. The design of the robot was modified from the original versions however, with the following specifications. The wheels were positioned in the front part of the robot, thus changing the axis of rotation to the front of the robot when it turned. Instead of the conventional four wheel design, the two rear wheels were replaced with a single pivoting wheel, thus reducing the resistance when turning. Finally, an ultrasonic sensor and sound sensor were mounted at the front of the robot as shown in Figure 2.
Since in classical statistics we do not consider locational information of the data that can be referenced through geographical co-ordinates, that is why the researchers were interested in spatial autocorrelation, as some of the information in classical statistics could not be captured resulting in value of estimators to be statistically insufficient (Griffith, 1992). A lot of research has been done in sectors such as political science, geography, medical science, ecology, environmental science etc. on the role of spatial autocorrelation and the effect it could have on the final results. Below we will discuss few papers that highlight the importance of spatial autocorrelation and the methods/models that they have adopted to account for spatial autocorrelation. Darmofal, (2009), paper on political event process highlights the importance of modelling spatial autocorrelation in political science data. The survival models that have been used in political science before, assume spatial independence. Political event process take place in both the dimensions i.e. space as well as time. To get valid statistics both space and temporal dimensions must be accounted for while shaping political event process. Hierarchical and individual frailty models have been used to examine the random effects and parametric Weibull and semiparametric Cox models have been used to account for the spatially dependent random effects. The statistics are calculated, models are compared which accounts for spatial
June 1st, 1999, captain Richard Buschmann and first officer Michael Origel were about to embark on their third and final leg of the day, after already working for ten hours on two other trip legs. They had arrived at Dallas/Fort Worth Texas around 20:10 CST and were eager to proceed on their final trip of the day to Little Rock, Arkansas. Poor weather in the region prevented their assigned aircraft from arriving on time, closely pushing them ever closer to their fourteen hour duty limits for the day. The first officer realizing their situation contacted the dispatchers to notify them they would need to find a substitute aircraft or the flight would need to be cancelled. Both pilots were well aware of the impending storms in the area, including around the destination airport, but they decided that they should be able to beat the storms there. This was one of the first signs of suffering from get-there-itis, along side of several hazardous attitudes. Once an aircraft was substituted, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82, the pilots were able to depart at 22:40, 2 hours and 12 minutes after their scheduled departure time, 12 hours into their 14 hour duty day.
It is a shared truth that humans often tend to think of robots as nothing more than computer machines made of objects like metal, plastic, silicone and computer chips. However, in truth, a robot’s general purpose is more complex than some know. In order for a robot to function, it must carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations, and programming the specs is difficult task that could take years to finish depending on the purpose of the robot.
This chapter discusses the examples of radiation particles that can be detected. This chapter also elaborates on some of the common radiation sensors that are possible to be used in this research as well as different types of kinematic models of mobile robot. The available developed path planning including the waypoints sweeping pattern and other applicable sensors for mobile robot are also discussed in this chapter.
Nowadays, technology is a dominant feature in the lives of people around the world. Most of daily life activities involve the use of technology which is expanding every day through scientific innovations. However, such innovations do not always occur in every part of the world, but mostly in technologically developed countries, such as South Korea, the USA and Japan. Presently, the development of robotics science has become a subject of considerable attention in those countries. According to Weng, Chen and Sun (2009, 267), “Technocrats from many developed countries, especially Japan and South Korea, are preparing for the human–robot co-existence society that they believe will emerge by 2030.” The word “robot” was introduced in the beginning of 1920th by the Czech playwright Karel Capek from the Czech word “robota”, meaning “forced labor” (Robertson 2007, 373). According to Robertson (2007, 373), robot, in practical usage, can be defined as an autonomous or semiautonomous device that is used to perform its tasks either controlled by human, fractionally controlled and with human guidance or regardless of external actions that are performed by people. Regrettably, the majority of robots in the past centuries could not operate without human control and intervention. However, the progress in robotics over the past few decades enabled humanity to achieve soaring results in creation of autonomous humanoid robots.
This paper studies the details behind errors and accidents taking place in aviation maintenance. It states the human factors and how most of the misfortunes in the aviation industry happen because of them. The Federal Aviation Administration created a chapter on the 8083-30 General Book regarding this topic. The chapter discusses the twelve components of the “Dirty Dozen”. Any one of the dozen can result to an injury, or death, of a person on or off the flight. Considering the human factors in maintenance is absolutely necessary to improve safety and reliability and prevent injury and death. This concept has been a useful introduction to open discussion about human factors in the workplace. The dirty dozen contains; Lack of Communication,
The number of robots used in industry increases every year as more companies realize their many benefits. Robots are the future of the manufacturing industry. As the performance and flexibility of robots increases and their prices continue to drop, many companies will uses these added incentives to invest in the future. Soon every company that has an application for a robot will be forced to invest in one, to stay competitive in the world market.
Robots are machines that can do the work of a person and that work automatically or are controlled by a computer (Merriam-Webster, 2014). The Robot Institute of America (circa 1979) defines robots as “a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks” (Branwyn, G.). The Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA) has classified robots based on the following: manually operated manipulators, sequential manipulators, programmable manipulators, numerically controlled robots, sensate robots, adaptive robots, smart robots, and intelligent mechatronic systems (Branwyn, G.). Robots have been improved over time and have proven to be efficient because the computer is controlling them. The history of robots goes as far back as the Ancient Greeks and Romans for the use of toys, tool...
Challenge plays an essential role in defining a sport; it provides the individual with the feeling of achievement in success. Skiing poses challenge even in its simplest foundations. Skiing on a poor quality hill, with icy snow and poor upkeep can sometimes create more challenge than a well-groomed slope. Skiing in the backcountry away from lifts and other people in freshly fallen snow provides an opportunity for the best of skiers to test t...
By the time one figures out that an error occurred, it’s too late to keep the plane from crashing. The reason why some pilots as a pair are better at working together than...