Radiation Essay

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter discusses the examples of radiation particles that can be detected. This chapter also elaborates on some of the common radiation sensors that are possible to be used in this research as well as different types of kinematic models of mobile robot. The available developed path planning including the waypoints sweeping pattern and other applicable sensors for mobile robot are also discussed in this chapter.
Overview of Ionizing Radiation
Radiation is the process of emitting radiant energy in the form of waves or particles that travels through a medium or space. Radiation sources can be divided into two main categories which are non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes natural background sources and man-made sources. The sun is one of the major background sources of radiation. It sends out ultraviolet rays that penetrate and damage human skin by causing sunburn. Certain minerals that make up part of the earth contain the radioactive elements. The levels may typically be in the range of 15 to 60 counts per minute that will vary depending upon one’s location on the earth, and the efficiency of the radiation sensor used.
Man-made sources that emit radiation include medical radiation sources and consumer products such as televisions and smoke detectors. Ionizing radiation includes alpha, beta and gamma particles.

Alpha
Alpha radiation consists of positively charged particles emitted from the nucleus of an atom in the process of decay. With strong positive charge, the density of alpha precludes them from penetrating more than an inch of air or a sheet of paper. Because of this, alpha particles are not a serious health hazard except when they...

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...nd commercial users around the world.
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensors work on the principle of radar which interprets the characteristics of a target by evaluating echoes from radio waves. It generates high frequency sound waves and evaluates bounced echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance of an object.
Beacon
A beacon is a device designed to obtain information of a specific location. Important information such as the status of an airport based on the colour and rotational pattern of its airport beacon as well as weather information as indicated by weather beacon on top of a high building can be obtained by combining beacons with semaphoric indicators. Also, when used in such fashion, beacons can be considered a form of optical telegraphy.

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