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Write a short essay about the six day war include the causes and results
The six day war introduction
Causes and consequences of the Six-Day War
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Michael Oren’s intention in writing Six Days of War was to provide a detailed, unbiased account of the Six-Day War in an approachable way for readers. He also wished to utilize as many available sources as he could in order to address each viewpoint and aid in his writing of an objective report of the events of the war. Overall, Oren did an excellent job of accomplishing this goal.
Part of Oren’s motive in writing this book was the impact it had on his own life. He informs the reader that, as a Jewish child growing up in America, he remembers seeing his parents worrying over the uncertainty of Israel’s future when faced with an imposing war against the Arabs in 1967 and their excessive joy when Israel won (Oren 332). He remembers his father showing him a photo of an Israeli soldier wading through the Suez Canal. Years he later he had the privilege to meet that soldier and writes, “…he’s my neighbor—and I told him that it was because of him that I decided right then and there, in 1967, to move to Israel and take part in the drama of Jewish Independence,” (Oren 333). Oren’s personal connection to the events of the Six-Day War and how he feels it aided in shaping his future served as inspiration to write Six Days of War to inform others.
Oren’s book is a reliable source of
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information concerning the events of the Six-Day War. This can be proven by analyzing the vast array of sources he used in his writing. Oren often quotes things said during the war by key figures involved in the war. For example, Oren includes a statement from Moshe Dayan, an Israeli military leader, “‘I don’t dismiss the Soviet warning but neither am I intimidated by it. Israel is not far from fulfilling the objectives it set out for itself and we can accept the cease-fire while achieving them fully,’” (Oren 253). Including information in the form of quotes from important leaders from the war illustrates Oren’s extensive use of primary sources from several different nations. Also, it allows the reader a break from reading fact after fact and transforms the book into more of an interesting narrative with viewpoints from many individuals involved in the fighting as well as the negotiations of the war. In addition to primary sources, Oren was able to use many other sources such as books, articles, and newspapers in several languages such as English, Hebrew, Arabic, and Russian (Oren 419-433). Oren also interviewed several people from Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, the former Soviet Union, France, and the United States (Oren 417-419). This extensive research makes it evident that Oren’s information was carefully gathered and constructed to form the book. The reliability of Oren’s book becomes apparent when one takes into account the number of sources Oren used in writing the book as well as the aforementioned personal connection to the war. Along with the concrete evidence Oren found from his sources, he also expanded and generalized the information provided to him in order to relate the war to many of the events in today’s world. Throughout the book Oren argues that the Six-Day War shaped much of the politics in the Middle East and the world today (Oren 327). Oren also draws attention to the continued violence by writing, “…there is still no cease-fire in sight,” (Oren 328). James Chace’s book, published just two years after the war, coincides with Oren’s connection to modern day as Chace speculated when he wrote Conflict in the Middle East that the war would have great effects on the future (Chace 172). While Six Days of War was published 35 years after the war took place, the belief by Chace so soon after the war that the conflict would impact the world justifies Oren’s connections of the war with the present-day. Ibrahim Abu-Lughod’s book, The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of June 1967: An Arab Perspective, also supports the idea that the war would be crucial to the future of the Middle East (Abu-Lughod 90). Abu-Lughod’s book, published only 3 years after the war, was used by Oren as a source in writing Six Days of War. The similarity in ideas between Oren’s writing and Abu-Lughod’s writing also attests to the reliability of Oren’s information based off of the use of his sources. In light of these comparisons, the connections Oren makes to today seem more trustworthy and less stretched or fabricated. Although Oren’s main objective in writing Six Days of War was to provide an unbiased account of the war, there is still some bias present in his writing. Because Oren’s family supported the existence of Israel and Oren now lives and works in Israel, he undoubtedly possesses some favoritism towards Israel (Oren 334). At several points throughout the book he refers to Israel’s right to exist, a controversial subject that is grounds from much of the violence between the Palestinians and the Israelis (Oren 325). On the contrary, Edward Said would argue that while Israel fights for a right to exist, Palestine is in greater danger because they must fight for a right to remain (Falk 2-3). The opposition makes clear that Oren presents an argument in his writing. Bias is evident in Oren’s subtle-but-present argument for Israel’s case. Even though Oren’s research is more than sufficient, there is an inequality in the number of Israeli sources analyzed and the number of Arab sources analyzed. This is because Israel’s documents and records were open and accessible to Oren whereas the Arab records were not as available due to restrictions (Oren xi-xii). Thus, although the sources’ limitations were unintentional and unavoidable, Oren was nevertheless exposed more thoroughly to Israel’s side of the conflict than to the Arabs’. Overall, Oren’s interpretation of the event was as accurate an account as he could have written with very little underlying bias present when taking into account any prejudice he may possess in his personal life. Oren divided the book into several chapters, breaking the war down into the catalysts, the tipping point, the months leading up to the war, each of the six days of the war, and its aftermath. Doing this allowed Oren to clearly set the scene of the war and gently ease the reader into the complexity of the conflict in the Middle East without throwing him or her head-first into the action. This greatly enhances the readability of Oren’s book. In addition, Oren defines uncommon words in the text to make it easier for readers to comprehend the information they are presented with. For example, Oren writes, “...‘Inab, in Arabic, the prearranged code word for war…” (Oren 171). The fact that Six Days of War is a New York Times best seller speaks for the appeal to all audiences, not just to scholars. This was part of Oren’s mission in writing the book as well. Part of the readers’ understanding of the war relies heavily on Oren’s explanation of the diplomacy concerning the war. This portion of the book was particularly well researched and accurate. For example, Oren wrote of Israel’s negotiations with the United States. While President Lyndon Johnson provided support to Israel, the Soviet Union jumped at the chance to support the Arabs and provided them with reported “secret weapons” (Oren 26-29). This difference resulted in an increase to the already mounting tension between the two world powers (Oren 29). This information directly coincides with Peter Hounam’s description of the relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. However, Hounam seems to condemn President Johnson by writing, “While never really believing the United States could win in the war that he waged in Vietnam, the tall, charismatic Texan blundered on, committing more and more forces through pride and stubbornness,” (Hounam 129). Unlike Hounam, Oren fails to include his personal opinion regarding the actions taken by nations before and during the war. In comparison with Hounam’s account, one can clearly see Oren’s success in writing a generally unbiased description of the war in comparison to existing works. In focusing so heavily on the strategic aspects of the war, Oren lacked an in-depth description of how the war affected the everyday Israeli or Arab. Oren briefly states that the Palestinians under Israeli rule were not harshly persecuted (Oren 307). Bill Parry’s article substantially explores how the war affected the average citizen. He discusses the devastation the Palestinians felt upon losing the war and how the people coped with the destruction (Parry 22-23). While Oren excels in analyzing the setup and tactics of the war, he lacks in his explanation of more common consequences. Overall, Oren succeeded in presenting an in-depth description of the many events of the Six-Day War and analyzing their role in shaping both history and the present.
In Six Days of War, Michael Oren did an excellent job of drawing connections between the Six-Day War in June of 1967 and present-day conflicts. Doing so kept the reader engaged and interested because more of the information is directly relevant to his or her own life. Also, this cause-and-effect style is fundamental to being able to understand how history remains relevant. The clearly presented and detailed information in Six Days of War makes it an interesting book for high school students as well as informative to
scholars.
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Mintz, Steven, and Sara McNeil. "The War's Consequences." Digital History. Ed. John Lienhard, Grace Lin, and Micharl Rapp. Digital History, 2013. Web. 6 May 2014.
Hynes, Samuel Lynn. "What Happened in Nam." The soldiers' tale: bearing witness to modern war. New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: A. Lane, 1997. 177-222. Print.
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