Recount the cause, events and consequences of the 1967 6-day war.
The six-day, Arab-Israeli War of 1967, was an important event in modern Middle East history. Israel had had a strong victory against the Arab states in 1956, and this had strengthened their self-assurance However, the Six-Day War in June 1967 demonstrated Israel that watchfulness and alertness was still essential. The success of Israel in this war was beyond all normal expectations. Israel went to war on June 5 for means of sheer survival. On that date, Israel crossed into the Sinai and won the war in less than a week.
On 15 May 1967, Israel rejoiced its 19th Day of Independence. The economy had not yet recouped from a recession that had been created the prior year. Tensions
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with Syria had risen significantly, damage was being dedicated in Israel's region by terrorists from the PLO in Lebanon, and settlements were being shelled by the Syrians on the Golan Heights. The hostility that Israel faced was due to the way her Arab Neighbours rejected a Jewish state in the Middle East. This is reaffirmed with the 3 No's of Khartoum; no peace with Israel, no negotiations with Israel, no acknowledgment of Israel, and 'support of the privileges of the Palestinian individuals in their country.' The war was fought on 2 fronts with the following countries involved. Syria, Egypt and Jordan. With backing of Algeria, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Tunisia. During the Independence Day parade in Jerusalem, Israel's Government heard from the Chief of Staff the reports of large Egyptian troop movements in the direction of the Suez Canal and the Sinai Peninsula. There was, at first, an idea to believe that the movements were just a propagandistic show. Israel did not yet know that the Soviet Union was pushing Egypt to take an active stand alongside Syria. Anwar Sadat led an Egyptian parliamentary delegation, which visited Moscow on May 11, where they were cautioned that Israel had massed around thirteen brigades along the Syrian border in preparation for an assault within a few days, with the intention of dissolving the Syrian Government. This story was of coarse a lie, as the Soviets knew very well. Reportedly the reasons why the Soviets instilled lies in the Egyptians mind is due to The Soviet union wanting the Suez Canal to ship war supplies to North Vietnam. The Soviet Union wanted to have Egypt onside so the Soviets could basically use the canal for its own purposes. At the time Israel had control over the Suez Canal and it was important for the Egyptians to seize the canal. On 16 May Radio Cairo declared: "The existence of Israel has continued too long. We welcome the Israeli aggression we welcome the battle we have long awaited. The peak hour has come. The battle has come in which we shall destroy Israel." On that same day, Egypt asked for the withdrawal of the UN Emergency Forces from Sinai and the Gaza Strip. Also On the same day, Israel decided on partial mobilization, but was still hopeful that a dangerous escalation could be averted by diplomatic efforts. On the 22 May in parliament Prime Minister Eshkol called for a lessening of tension and for peace.
It was of no interest to Israel to break out in an all out war against its Arab neighbours. Israel had to make the “first move” as it was seen she was under threat and her Arab neighbours wouldn’t listen to her diplomatic reasoning’s. President Nasser reaffirms the idea of war with this quote; "Our basic objective will be the destruction of Israel. The Arab people want to fight . . . The mining of Sharm el Sheikh is a confrontation with Israel. Adopting this measure obligates us to be ready to embark on a general war with Israel." – Nasser, May 27, …show more content…
1967. On the early morning of the 5th of June Israel launched a pre-emptive strike, (codenamed ‘Moked’) using blitzkrieg tactics learned in WWII. Israel’s air force destroyed while they were still on the ground. As it became evident that Jordan had joined the war the attack moved to destroy Jordan’s air force and then its Syrian and Iraqi counterparts. These attacks gave Israel the upper hand as it has rid the enemies of most of their air assault. This success was kept secret from the Israeli public, in an effort to reduce panic, or allow information to spread to the Arab states. Few knew the truth, which led to people believing that America undertook this mission. The success of destroying the Arabs air force led to over 1000 Israeli tanks to mobilise and move to the Sinai without the worry of being bombarded from above. Over the next few days fighting over the West Bank and Jerusalem intensified.
The Jordanians called for air support from Egypt but president Nasser had not informed Jordan the news of Israel wiping out and destroying most of Egypt’s air force capabilities. The Jordanians had no choice but to launch an artillery bombardment. This did not end well as the IDF tanks and infantry fought back and they push the Jordanians further back and took greater control of the West Bank and Jerusalem. The bombing of the enemy air forces was key, as Israel did not want its enemies to have capabilities to fly over Israeli townships and destroy infrastructure and kill civilians. If Israel hadn’t bombarded enemy air force bases the war could have had a totally different outcome. Israel rather ground all the enemies, as it is highly unlikely for the enemies to invade Israel by foot than fly over and bomb.
Israeli paratroopers seized control of the Western Wall. This was a key milestone as the western wall is what remains of the temple of Herrod. The IDF begin heavy bombardment of Syrian positions in the Golan Heights and slowly gain control of the Golan Heights as they Syrians were
retreating. On the 8th of June Egypt succumbs to the war resulting in Israel controlling the entire Sinai Peninsula. This causes Jordan to fall as Egypt was backing Jordan in the war. On the second last day of the war Israeli aircrafts destroy Syrian gun holds in the Golan Heights. After the taking out of the guns, with help from air strikes and paratroopers clearing the way moving tanks and infantry units into Syria was now made possible. On the 10th June after one of the most destructive and unsuspecting wars Syria’s soldiers retreat and succumb to defeat to Israel. These events were crucial to Israel’s victory because if these actions hadn’t taken place Israel would have been defeated due to this war being fought on two fronts from 3 opposing forces. If the pre-emptive strike hadn’t had occurred there would have been a lot more civilian casualties in Israel. Wasn’t a win but defended themselves
Over the next several weeks America launched over 2500 missiles on Iraq military. After this Iraq got tired of just sitting there so they finally started to fight back. They launched missiles at the barracks that were blocking Iraq from entering Saudi Arabia. Before February 24 the real ground war hadn’t even started. They fought on the ground for weeks, even though we were still bombing Iraq when we started fighting we still did it and moved into Kuwait. Desert Shield was another codenamed attack on Iraq this was another phase in getting Iraq out of Kuwait and not allowing them into Saudi Arabia. What we first did was get a much greater number of troops into Saudi
The Middle East has historically rebuked Western influence during their process of establishing independence. When Britain and France left the Middle East after World War II, the region saw an unprecedented opportunity to establish independent and self-sufficient states free from the Western influence they had felt for hundreds of years. In an attempt to promote nationalistic independence, the states of the region immediately formed the League of Arab States in 1945. The League recognized and promoted the autonomy of its members and collaborated in regional opposition against the West until 1948 when Israel declared independence. Israel represented then and now an intrusive Western presence in the Arab world. The ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict typifies this cultural antagonism. The Cold War refocused attention to the Middle East as a site of economic and strategic importance for both sides, yet the two hegemons of the Cold War now needed to recognize the sovereignty of the Middle Eastern states. With their statehood and power cemented, the Middle Easte...
The fifth term sometimes used when talking about D-day is The Atlantic Wall. The Atlantis Wall was the German’s first line of defense in the west, which was along the English Channel coast of France. The wall was only partly completed by June of 1944. It had many guns placed on it, beach obstacles, and mine fields. The part of the wall directly across from England and manned by Field Marshal Rammel's seventeenth and eighteenth armies containing thirty-seven divisions.
The Seven Years War was best known to those in American history as the French and Indian war. In reality, the war was much larger in scope and devastation in relation to the simple name given to it. Lasting from 1756-1763, the Seven Years War involved much of the imperial powers of that time: Prussia, England, and Portugal on one side with France, Spain, and Austria on the other. Spurred by competition for land and territory, the war implicated the two world powers, Britain and France, in a fateful battle for dominance. The period also saw the rise of important figures such as George Washington and Benedict Arnold that would later be instrumental in the American Revolution. Yet the significance of this war was that it set up the stage for events like the French and American Revolutions, and rearranged a new world order of imperialism.
The word "privateer" conjures a romantic image in the minds of most Americans. Tales of battle and bounty pervade the folklore of privateering, which has become a cherished, if often overlooked part of our shared heritage. Legends were forged during the battle for American independence, and these men were understandably glorified as part of the formation of our national identity. The fact of the matter is that the vast majority of these men were common opportunists, if noteworthy naval warriors. The profit motive was the driving force behind almost all of their expeditions, and a successful privateer could easily become quite wealthy. In times of peace, these men would be common pirates, pariahs of the maritime community. Commissioned in times of war, they were respected entrepreneurs, serving their purses and their country, if only incidentally the latter. However vulgar their motivation, the system of privateering arose because it provided a valuable service to thecountry, and indeed the American Revolution might not have been won without their involvement. Many scholars agree that all war begins for economic reasons, and the privateers of the war for independence contributed by attacking the commercial livelihood of Great Britain's merchants.
The war in Syria has been going on for six years now, killing more than a quarter million people and forcing over 10 million people to leave their homes. It has started with a peaceful protest and is now a full on genocide of people dying. The protest was for the arrest and torturing of Syrian teens for the graffiti of their anti government on a wall. When people form other people that were tired of the government saw this, they wanted their president to make major reforms of their democracy. He didn't like that, so he responded with a violent reaction. He killed thousands of Syrians and more from starvation. As the war went on, more people came in to play a role in the war. These people were from many different places. It has gotten so bad that politicians don't know what to do to stop it.
The purpose of this essay is to inform on the similarities and differences between systemic and domestic causes of war. According to World Politics by Jeffry Frieden, David Lake, and Kenneth Schultz, systemic causes deal with states that are unitary actors and their interactions with one another. It can deal with a state’s position within international organizations and also their relationships with other states. In contract, domestic causes of war pertain specifically to what goes on internally and factors within a state that may lead to war. Wars that occur between two or more states due to systemic and domestic causes are referred to as interstate wars.
This marked the beginning of the Palestine armed conflict, one of its kinds to be witnessed in centuries since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and World War 1. Characterized by a chronology of endless confrontations, this conflict has since affected not only the Middle East relations, but also the gl...
In Six Days of War, Michael Oren did an excellent job of drawing connections between the Six-Day War in June of 1967 and present-day conflicts. Doing so kept the reader engaged and interested because more of the information is directly relevant to his or her own life. Also, this cause-and-effect style is fundamental to being able to understand how history remains relevant. The clearly presented and detailed information in Six Days of War makes it an interesting book for high school students as well as informative to
There are different historical views on what really provoced the war of 1967, the Israelis would clearly blame the Egyptians and point at Nasser's agressions as the main provocation leading to the war. Another view is that Nasser did not have the intention to fight Israel at that point, but when the UN troops in the Sinai were withdrawn suprisingly after Nasser's demand, Nasser had to make true his big promises to defeat Israel to the other Arab nations. He wanted to keep his reputation as the ultimate leader of the pan-Arabian league and he could only do so by moving his troops towards Israel, which no longer had a protection buffer by the UN troops in the Sinai. Another view is that "the Six Day War was the result of Egyptian- Israeli brinkmanship that went over the brink". Pressured by each others arms build up, the race kept going and the deciding spark was given by Egypts move of closing the Straits of Tiran for Israeli ships. Additionally, there is a view that US-Soviet manipulation on both sides in the Cold War context casued the war.
Israel’s involvement in war is not a new phenomenon. Military conflict has been true all through the history of the Jewish nation. In biblical times the Jewish people were continually engaged in military conflict, often times the aggressor, as Yahweh called them to fight in order to settle in the “promised land” (Joshua 8:1-2 New International Version). The children of Israel’s first military conflict came in 1445 B.C. against the Amalekites during the time of the exodus from Egypt (Exodus 17:10 NIV). Over the next two centuries, the Israelites conquered most of the land now known as Israel battling many different tribes in what was almost constant military conflict (NIV). The tribes of Israel were unified by the establishment of a monarchical system headed by Saul in 1020 B.C. (Benhaim np). David, the second king of Israel created a c...
The Arabs and Israelis have been in conflict for over one hundred years. This has affected both the people inside and outside the boundaries of Palestine and Israel. The First Intifada in 1988 saw direct civilian and military combat between Palestine and Israel. The Intifada gained strength by being on the front pages of almost all international media outlets. Solutions to the Intifada confounded world leaders as Arabs, Israelis, Americans and other nations all had opinions and solutions regarding the outcome of the conflict. In the end, neither side in the First Intifada came out victorious. Both sides continued to go through periods of great change. The violence in the First Intifada brought about social suffering, economic instability, military restructuring, and a fractured political landscape.
...was triggered by the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. There were also unnecessary arrests which were worsened by the Cairo fire on ‘black Saturday’, 26 January 1952 and the Suez war in 1956 (Andrew Mango, 1985).
This would make it possible for them to neutralize the Israeli military and prevent the Israelis from attacking Egyptian infrastructure. (2) Syria would only go to war against Israel if Egypt joined them. Israel was not overtly concerned with Egypt actually going through with their threat to attack Israel. This was because the fighter-bombers and the scud missiles had just arrived in August of 1973 and they expected it to take at least four months for the Egyptians to adequately train their
The 1950s are illustrate by ongoing skirmishes between Israel and its Arab neighbors; the massive flow of Holocaust survivors to Israel; the acquisition of nuclear reactor by Israel due to its coalition with Britain and French in order to colonize Egypt for its access to the Suez Canal. It is in 1964, following an Arab League decision that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded as a basis for reconstruction of Palestinian politics and institutions. In June 1967, after months of tension, including border clashes, Israel conducts a pre-emptive attack against Egypt and subsequently six days of war, Jewish settlements roughly triples its size. Known as the “Six Day War” it is also recognized as a violation of international law.