Media richness theory proposed by Richard L. Daft, and Robert H. Lengel in 1984. The theory indicates that all communication media vary in their ability for users to communicate and change understanding, as the name "richness". In specific, this theory argues that people rationally chose different channels for different purpose of communication based on channel richness and message equivocality (Richardson & Smith, 2007). Message equivocality means ambiguity and confusion which would cause by shallow understanding or even conflicting interpretation of the intend information (Daft & Lengel, 1986; Daft, Lengel & Trevino, 1987). The richness level of a given media can be evaluated by the following characteristics: the ability to handle multiple …show more content…
24) identified nine different types of languages: "art nonverbal cues, poetry, general verbal expression, jargon, linguistic variables, computer languages, probability theory and analytical mathematics." Draft and his colleague (1987) broadly group these alternatives into two categories: natural language and numbers. All three-basic media (video, audio, and computer text) provides the equal similar capabilities of using natural language and number excluding the variations provide by varying multiple cues. Media richness theory is loose about the definition and measurement of performance. Daft and Lengel (1986, p.567-568) state that organizations process information to "attain adequate performance" without ever defining "performance." In a summary of media richness theory articulating its conceptual framework, Trevino et al. (1990, p.71-96) discuss performance in "three terms: making better decisions (decision quality), establishing shared systems of meaning (consensus among participants), and making better use of participants' time (time required to reach conclusions)." Users' satisfaction is also suggested as an element of performance, albeit less directly (Lengel & Daft, 1988). Satisfaction has long been a key factor in-group work (Hackman, 1990; McGrath, 1984), so communication satisfaction of sender and receiver is another element of
Dan O'Hair, Mary Wiemann, Dorothy Imrich Mullen, Jason J. Taven. (2012). Dan O'Hair, Mary Wiemann, Dorothy Imrich Mullen, Jason J. Taven. In M. W. Dan O'Hair, Real Communication: An Introduction (pp. 35-64). Boston, New York: Bedford / St. Martin's.
Communication is defined by six characteristics; relies on multiple channels, passes through perpetual filters, people give communication its meaning, communication has literal meanings and relational implications, communication sends a meaning whether intentional or unintentional, and communication is governed by rules. Communicati...
West, Richard, & Turner, Lynn H. (2000). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield publishing.
Griffin, E. (1997). A first look at communication theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Griffin, E. A. (1997). A first look at communication theory (3rd ed). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Media or medium of communication has been conceptualized to effect and drive information to the greater masses because it’s the venue where information can be linear form of communication. This essay will discuss what it is meant by media according to online Business Dictionary defines as the communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated.” This may include broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet, the Business Dictionary further includes in this definition.
Schulz, W. (2004) Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept, European Journal of Communication, 19: 87-101.
Communication: it is a key factor that allows feedback between all team members, therefore enables the team to have an appropriate organizational cli...
“The medium is the message,” uttered by the late media scholar and theorist Marshall McLuhan, and they have been revered and dissected ever since they were spoken. There has been several different interpretations on the premise of McLuhan’s words, and the meaning behind them. The best way to start unraveling his theory, is to get a general understanding of the terms used in his famous quote. In McLuhan’s own words, a medium is simply “an extension of ourselves.” Simply put the medium personifies or enhances what we as humans cannot do on our own. In a mass media perspective this means the use of technology including radio, television, and the Internet to project our thoughts, feelings, and senses (Frederman) . Finally, it is important to note that the plural of the word medium is media. Now that there is a general understanding of the medium, the other important word McLuhan spoke of is the “message”. The message is simply what the audience perceives through the medium. This could be anything from watching a television program or listening to the radio. Also, note that some believe the message McLuhan preached is a lot more complicated and not obvious. This view can be explained by, the message isn’t the news, but the attitudes that are affected by watching or listening to the message. Whichever, definition is taken for the “message”, the dissection of McLuhan’s quote will still be interpreted in a similar fashion.
Title: Compare and contrast the presentation of visual information in two different types of media today, focusing on how effectively the information is communicated.
Media system dependency is a theory that predicts people in society will use media for interpersonal needs and goals. It is researched as a system that allows people to meet these goals through sources of information found in different media forms (Loges & Ball-Rokeach, 1993). While media does help us understand who we are, and possibly what we may be becoming, it can also give us insight to the outside world. Media gives the consumer what is desired, and often that is the intense, hostile, and sometimes hopeless views of the world around us. For example, we watch the news and believe that a particular place isn’t safe because that is what media portrays. With all of these notions media gives us, and our dependency on media, it may be one big cycle of information that gets filtered and changed as the society and culture changes as well. Media dependency is also a concept and will continue to evolve as technology advances and new avenues of media consumption are explored.
Language: The choice of words or language in which a sender encodes a message will influence the quality of communication. Because language is a symbolic representation of a phenomenon, room for interpreation and distortion of the meaning exists. In the above example, the Boss uses language (this is the third day you've missed) that is likely to convey far more than objective information. To Terry it conveys indifference to her medical problems. Note that the same words will be interpreted different by each different person. Meaning has to be given to words and many factors affect how an individual will attribute meaning to particular words. It is important to note that no two people will attribute the exact same meaning to the same words.
Many people associate leadership with a specific job title or form of power within an organization. However, through personal experience, I have concluded that leadership can come in many forms and position as well as from multiple sources of roles and job titles both with and without power. Based on the definition of leadership, anyone can be considered a leader as long as they have the ability to influence people to achieve a particular result or goal which benefits the organization or group as a whole. Individuals with a secure sense of self and understanding, acceptance of diversity within an organization tend to be the strongest leaders that not only make others want to follow, but they also encourage other leaders to gravitate to their
Media literacy requires the skill to realize that the messages taken from media are reconstructed in the media. An individual needs a different skill, background knowledge and educational organization in order to be media competent. In order to be media literate, we should be in touch with media. The individual who is in touch with media can begin to access information about mass media. (Sur)
Of the four key factors associated with TC, multidimensional communication is my favorite. Many circumstances affect the way people communicat...