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Key Element Of Effective Communication
Key Element Of Effective Communication
Why are communication skills useful
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There are a wide number of sources of noise or interference that can enter into the communication process. This can occur when people now each other very well and should understand the sources of error. In a work setting, it is even more common since interactions involve people who not only don't have years of experience with each other, but communication is complicated by the complex and often conflictual relationships that exist at work. In a work setting, the following suggests a number of sources of noise:
Language: The choice of words or language in which a sender encodes a message will influence the quality of communication. Because language is a symbolic representation of a phenomenon, room for interpreation and distortion of the meaning exists. In the above example, the Boss uses language (this is the third day you've missed) that is likely to convey far more than objective information. To Terry it conveys indifference to her medical problems. Note that the same words will be interpreted different by each different person. Meaning has to be given to words and many factors affect how an individual will attribute meaning to particular words. It is important to note that no two people will attribute the exact same meaning to the same words.
defensiveness, distorted perceptions, guilt, project, transference, distortions from the past misreading of body language, tone and other non-verbal forms of communication (see section below)
noisy transmission (unreliable messages, inconsistency)
receiver distortion: selective hearing, ignoring non-verbal cues
power struggles
self-fulfilling assupmtions
language-different levels of meaning
managers hesitation to be candid assumptions-eg.
assuming others see situation same as you, has same feelings as you
distrusted source, erroneous translation, value judgment, state of mind of two people
Perceptual Biases: People attend to stimuli in the environment in very different ways. We each have shortcuts that we use to organize data. Invariably, these shortcuts introduce some biases into communication. Some of these shortcuts include stereotyping, projection, and self-fulfilling prophecies. Stereotyping is one of the most common. This is when we assume that the other person has certain characteristics based on the group to which they belong without validating that they in fact have these characteristics.
Through Pickering suggestion that stereotyping is as a gain and loss system, it gives entail on why an individual may stereotype. For the individual that
misconceptions. Stereotypes are a big image or idea of a particular group, type of person, or
Stereotypes can be defined as sweeping generalizations about members of a certain race, religion, gender, nationality, or other group. They are made everyday in almost every society. We develop stereotypes when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all the information we would need to make fair judgments about people or situations. By stereotyping, we assume that a person or group has certain characteristics. Quite often, we develop these ideas about people who are members of groups with which we have not had firsthand contact. Stereotyping usually leads to unfair results, such as discrimination, racial profiling, and unnecessary violence, all behaviors which need to be stopped.
two or more people; this is something that we do all the time. It is
As part of my HNC study, I have been asked to write a reflective account based on a particular incident where I overcame the barriers of communication with a service user. To respect and retain confidentiality as outlined in the data protection act 1998 and within the organisational policy, I will refer to the individual as Mrs X. (Gov.uk, 2016). To assist me in my process of reflection, I will be using Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle; this six stage model will help by giving structure to my reflection.
Stereotypes play an important role in today's society and particularly in Propaganda. According to the Webster's Dictionary stereotyping is defined as a fixed conventional notion or conception of an individual or group of people, heldby a number of people. Stereotypes can be basic or complex generalizations which people apply to individuals or groups based on their appearance, behaviour and beliefs. Stereotypes are found everywhere. Though our world seems to be improving in many ways it seems almost impossible to liberate it from stereotypes.
Perception and attribution are both contributing factors to perceptual biases. The resulting stereotypes create generalizations about individuals that may or may not be true. There are different groups that an individual can be generalized under, such as race, gender and sexual orientation. “Once outside a familiar cultural context, people interpret what you say and do in different and unexpected ways” (Nahavandi, Denhardt, Denhardt, Aristigueta, 2015, p. 116). Depending on your interactions within or outside a familiar context, a person can be judged in ways that may be unfair.
Communication is the process of conveying information to each another using words, actions, or by writing the information down to be read by another person. Communication is something that most people do at some point each day, and is an important part of life especially in a working environment. “The concept of communication is an essential part of every profession, and it is required to foster and maintain healthy relationships”( Jasmine, 2009, para. 1).
In the text, we talked about during the course of this class is stereotypes, which the text defines as “widely held beliefs about a group of people (Intercultural Communication).” In my life and in my community,
Effective business communication is central to the success of an individual’s career and consequently to that of the overall business entity. It would be imaginable therefore that there is some form of correlation between effective communication skills and such success. To put this into context, University of Kent (2011) has placed Verbal Communication at the top of the ten skills that employers most commonly look for. On the same note, anything that hinders effective communication is bound to have a negative effect not only on the specific message delivery, but also on the overall success of a career. In this paper, some of the barriers to effective business communication are discussed, with a few examples of how they affect the process.
Stereotypes allow people to quickly process new information about an event or person. It also organizes people’s past experiences. Stereotypes help people to meaningfully assess differences between individuals and groups, it helps people to make predictions about other people’s
The workplace is an environment where more and more Americans are spending significant portions of their time. In fact, 25 million workers reported spending at least 49 hours a week at work, (Schabner, 2013). This means that having effective communication in the workplace is becoming increasingly important. Not just to improve business practices, but to improve the quality of both employer AND employee satisfaction. Effective interpersonal communication is the most important aspect in determining the success of workplace practices. Effective interpersonal communication includes practices such as honesty, clarity, and mutual respect.
A stereotype is an oversimplified view of a group of people that focuses on a set of prominent traits which can represent members of that group but often does not reflect individuals accurately. We create stereotype biases when we group people or things together based on a common trait and then base our assumptions of that group on the prototype i.e. the most typical version of an individual in that category. Once this stereotype is developed we could presume everyone from that group has obtained all the traits of the stereotype (Wyer, 1988). As cognitive misers, this heuristic is useful to quickly make judgments of other people or situations and frees up cognitive resources for other tasks (Macrae, Milne, & Bodenhausen, 1994). Prejudice is an unjust attitude towards individuals based on insufficient knowledge about their social group.
The history of communication is a long and glorious story from the primitive carvings of ancient peoples to the flat bed press, the web perfecting press to the high speed presses of today that churn out news for the maintenance of the democracy. The United States has been dependent on accurate information ever since the inception of this great nation. Information made men free and challenged all those who wished to suppress the news to live up to the democratic ideals upon which this nation was founded. In fact information is so important to this democracy that the Bill of Rights begins with the axiom of a free press. In countless countries throughout the world where fledgling democracies have attempted to flourish, those that would suppress freedom of speech, attack newspaper offices first because it is the intrepid newspaper reporters and editors who bring the news to the people. Now more than ever these harbingers of truth need to be heard.
Communication is one of the most important factors in our lives. It dictates the relationships formed with the individuals in personal and professional lives. Effective communication provides a foundation for trust and respect to grow. It also helps better understand a person and the context of the conversation. Individuals often believe that their communication skills are much better than what they actually are. Communication appears effortless; however, much of what two people discuss gets misunderstood, thus leading to conflicts and distress. To communicate effectively, one must understand the emotion behind the information being said. Knowing how to communicate effectively can improve relationships one has at home, work and in social affairs. Understanding communication skills such as; listening, non-verbal communication and managing stress can help better the relationships one has with others.