WORK, POWER AND ENERGY
Have you wondered how a roller coaster works? Can you describe your experience while riding on a roller coaster? How did cyclist reach a maximum height of a trail? How can an object at rest be moved at a certain distance? Is there work done? In this chapter, you will learn what describes the forms of energy and explains the transformation of mechanical energy.
Content Standard
Demonstrate understanding of the conservation of mechanical energy
Performance Standard
Create a device that shows conservation of mechanical energy
Learning Competencies
Explain energy transformation in various activities/events (e.g., waterfalls, archery, amusement rides);
Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy
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It has many forms and its two basic kinds are the kinetic energy and the potential energy.
All objects have mass and whether these are at rest or moving, they possess energy.
A ball rolled on a ramp, a switched on the battery operated car, a bowling ball rolled on a surface, running water, a falling object from a greater height, electric charges, water molecules, a fast or slow moving truck, an airplane in the sky, an approaching ship and even a pendulum clock similar to a swing, are just some example of moving objects. These bodies possess energy due to their motions and scientifically called kinetic energy from the Greek word kinetos (moving).
Mathematically,
So, what are the factors affecting the kinetic energy of the object? These are the mass of the object and its velocity.
What happens to the kinetic energy of the object as mass and velocity are changed?
The massive the object is, the higher the kinetic energy at constant velocity and doubling the speed of the object will result to four times increase in kinetic energy at constant
In this experiment we positioned a marble ball on a wooden roller coaster positioned on a physics stand in the sixth hole. Throughout the experiment, we used an electronic timer to record the time of the marble where it passed through the light beam of its clamp. We positioned the clamp at a certain point on the roller coaster and measured the distance from the marble to the clamp; the height of the clamp; and finally the time the ball traveled through the clamp. After we recorded these different figures we calculated the speed of the marble from the given distance traveled and the time. We repeated the step 14 times, then proceeded to graph the speed and the height. Next, we took the measurements of position of the clamp, height, and speed and calculated the potential energy, the kinetic energy, and the total energy. Total energy calculated as mentioned before. Potential energy is taking the mass (m) which is 28.1g times gravity (g) which is 9.8 m/s2 times the height. Kinetic energy is one-half times the mass (m) times velocity (v2). Finally we graphed the calculated kinetic, potential, and total energies of this experiment.
When something gives us energy, it means more than to just give us the required power to work or move along for such a specific task. In biological terms, it means to have your energy be transported through your body and placed by cells into biomolecules. Biomolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates. It then stores that energy in our body.
One of the sciences in this project is potential energy. Potential energy is the energy something has based on somethings shape or position. For example, if someone holds a ball up in the air the ball has potential energy. If someone stretches or twists a rubber band thr rubber band also gains potential energy.
Ever wondered how roller coasters work? It’s not with an engine! Roller coasters rely on a motorized chain and a series of phenomena to keep them going. Phenomena are situations or facts that have been observed and proven to exist. A few types of phenomena that help rollercoasters are gravity, kinetic and potential energy, and inertia. Gravity pulls roller coasters along the track as they’re going downhill. Potential and kinetic energy help rollercoasters to ascend hills and gain enough momentum to descend them and finish the track. Inertia keeps passengers pressed towards the outside of a loop-the-loop and in their seat. Gravity, potential and kinetic energy, and inertia are three types of phenomena that can be observed by watching roller
the length of the slope can be used to calculate the speed of the car
The roller coaster has its beginnings in Russia where during the 1600's. People crafted sleds out of wood and built hills made of ice blocks. The hills had sand at the bottom to help slow down the sleds so they would not crash when they reached the bottom of the hill.1 Over time, the roller coaster has become more complex. They now are taller, faster
Roller coasters are driven almost entirely by inertial, gravitational and centripetal forces. Amusement parks keep building faster and more complex roller coasters, but the fundamental principles at work remain the same.
can move itself. Therefore, if something is in motion, it must have been put in motion by
type of energy is lost or gained, and whether or not a factor that is
A roller coaster is a thrill ride found in amusement and theme parks. Their history dates back to the 16th century. It all started in Russia, with long, steep wooden slides covered in ice. The idea then traveled to France. Since the warmer climate melted the ice, waxed slides were created instead, eventually adding wheels to the system. The first roller coaster in which the train was attached to the track was in France in 1817, the Russess a Belleville. The first attempt at a loop-the loop was also made in France in the 1850s. It was called the Centrifuge Railway. However, government officials quickly diminished the idea when the first accident occurred. Inventors since then have continued to capitalize on people’s love of a great thrill, always trying to make them bigger, faster and scarier!
When the ball is dropped, the height decreases, and therefore so does the gravitational potential energy of the atom. At the same time, the velocity of the ball increases due to gravity, and therefore the kinetic energy. increases, as kinetic energy half the mass of the object (in this case). the falling ball) multiplied by velocity squared (Source: Physics for Your GCSE textbook). When the ball hits the floor the kinetic energy goes into deforming the ball from its original round shape to a squashed, oval in shape.
You apprehensively walk up the iron steps and onto the platform. You’re reluctant to go any further, but your friend eggs you on, saying, “It’s not that fast.” You step into the seat and pull the harness down over you. No, this isn’t the latest, greatest technological frontier. It’s a roller coaster. Since 1804 when the first wheeled roller coaster- called “Les Montagnes Russes”- was constructed in Paris, France, roller coasters have been a staple of adventure and fantasy among children and children-at-heart. But there’s no magic involved with these fantastic creations, there’s a plethora of forces and laws governing their every movement. From kinetic energy to inertia, roller coasters are intricate engineering marvels that function through the laws of physics. This is a look into those physics that result in a thrill ride unlike any other.
The psychological effect on roller coasters that has on its riders must calculate with a high risk of fatal injuries on gravitational forces could occur. Consequently, these would affect the rider’s heart rate, emotional stress, injury necks and backs and some would faint from culture shock. Larger riders with heavyweight could accelerate in any direction when pushing against the restraints onto a roller coaster compared to light riders. This would force the roller coasters to come off on the wrong track. Several riders withstanding to these g-forces can depend on their size, age, weight, previous injuries and medical disabilities (e.g. bruising, fractures or even internal injuries).
What defines one’s worth? While the lives of all people are priceless, certain qualities make an individual more valuable to society than others. Qualities like being hard working and having the desire to make the world a better place are simple yet important traits that our society desires in its citizens; the qualities of a good person. Furthermore, a good citizen should not be guilty of any crimes as this is characteristic of a bad citizen. The lives of people who are good or have good qualities are more valuable than the lives of people with few or no good qualities; therefore, for the sake of the future and the betterment of society, the lives of these good people should be preserved. Saleem Sharma should be saved because he is an investment into the future,
A fifth form of energy is gravitational energy. An example of gravitational energy is water falling off a cliff, forming a waterfall. This is gravitational energy because gravity caused the water to fall instead of staying suspended in the air. The water used gravitational energy to fall down the cliff. If gravitational energy did not exist, the water would not be able to fall off the cliff, it would just stay at the top of the cliff.