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The paper written by McKerrow was a great read and really gave me a different perspective. This essay that he wrote serves as a type of rational for critical rhetoric. To me, Mckerrow is able to provide one of the clearest views on a theory that has on emphasis on power. His idea of critical rhetoric “…seeks to unmask or demystify the discourse of power. The aim is to understand the integration of power/knowledge in society–what possibilities for change the integration invites or inhibits” (441). He presents to us in this essay eight different principles that he believes orient the critics towards the ideal act of criticism. These eight principles he discusses are the following; it is a practice, not a method, the discourse of power is material, …show more content…
In his essay, he also discusses two forms of critiques. These two forms include; a critique of domination and a critique of freedom. His discussion on the critique of domination has an aim to make the conditions of domination easier to understand and process. It focuses on the way ideology can work to reproduce domination and how it is clearly related to power dynamics; it emphasizes on “…the discourse of power which creates and sustains the social practices which control the dominated” (442). On the other hand, you have the critique of freedom that focuses on the way power is spread throughout one’s culture. It works to find new ways that power can express and present itself. These two forms of critique have one main thing in common with each other, they are both an analysis on power discourse. There are two subdivisions within the analysis of discourse on power. First, it maintains the privilege of the elite. And second, it maintains social relations across a broad spectrum of human …show more content…
I believe he is truly trying to discover the mobilizations of discourse and how the ruling class and social rules that are in place have a contribution to who does and does not get to speak, and the functions that power has over a broad spectrum. He is showing that criticism has the potential to be a force of domination or repression. I believe that his critique of freedom provides a lot of importance on the topic. I believe he is moving critical practice of rhetoric to a more normal sense of terminus. I believe his goal is that this repressive discourse of power could help lead to a change. He states, “Results are never satisfying as the new social relations which emerge from a reaction to a critique are themselves simply new forms of power and hence subject to renewed skepticism” (446). I think that he sees criticism as a never-ending thing, and it is always striving to evaluate domination and repression. An important aspect of his critical rhetoric view is the emphasis on Praxis, which I believe he views as a process where a lesson or idea is put into some sort of action or is practiced. I believe that in his essay he is purposely avoiding using a methodology and instead he is offering us to a type of orientation. That orientation is inviting us to put a lesson into a certain action. I believe his critique is very interesting in the way that it addresses the retention and
attempt to evoke an emotional response from the reader. He does make some good points
of viewpoints on power in its many forms. Perhaps he wishes to break down the components of
The essay is written in a very critical style where the reader will feel like they have been wast...
Firstly , Tannen introduces the term “culture of critique” by beginning three successive paragraphs with the term so that the reader will not forget it. Tannen then identifies the problem presented by the “culture of critique”, that is, a tendency to attack the person making an argument, or misrepresenting the issue, rather than arguing against their position itself. She points out that instead of listening to reason, people who are caught up in the culture of critique debate as i...
The reader knows what to look for in the rest of the essay and will be more attentive when reading. She does not leave the reader hanging; the rest of the essay is distinctly laid out and easily answers all questions. The review of these essays showed that while rhetorical criticism does need to have a formal structure, there are many ways for a critic to accomplish their objectives within the confines of that basic structure. Although it is not always the best choice for every situation, I feel that a shorter, more direct approach to an introduction, as in Hyde's piece, is the most effective.
A traditional method assumes that the criticism involves both explication of what actually went on when the speaker engaged his or her audience, and an evaluation of how well the speaker performed the task of changing the audiences’ perspective of reality. It is also assumed that the traditional method will create a feeling of identification and sense of relatedness between the speaker or writer and the
basic charge of this criticism can be stated in the words of a recent critic,
references to support his claims. It is a very well configured piece, written in such a way
Concluding thoughts on this book are as follows. The author does a supreme job organizing the topics in this book rationally. He takes things that would seem obvious to others in relation to a particular topic, and describes them so in depth that it is almost as though a personal epiphany is reached in each section. To put it plainly, this book just makes sense. Nothing in it had the feel of new information; rather it takes old information and applies it perfectly to pertaining topics. The author does a lot to ensure that all of his arguments are grounded in logic and reasoning rather than in facts and figures. Granted he does use history to prove many points, but for many others he makes arguments that just seem sensible. This book, however difficult to read due to a wide use of vocabulary, is very thought provoking and should be read by anybody who has ever sought justification for the way societies act in different situations.
New Criticism attracts many readers to its methodologies by enticing them with clearly laid out steps to follow in order to criticize any work of literature. It dismisses the use of all outside sources, asserting that the only way to truly analyze a poem efficiently is to focus purely on the words in the poem. For this interpretation I followed all the steps necessary in order to properly analyze the poem. I came to a consensus on both the tension, and the resolving of it.
Some theorists believe that ‘power is everywhere: not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere… power is not an institution, nor a structure, nor possession. It is the name we give to a complex strategic situation in a particular society. (Foucault, 1990: 93) This is because power is present in each individual and in every relationship. It is defined as the ability of a group to get another group to take some form of desired action, usually by consensual power and sometimes by force. (Holmes, Hughes &Julian, 2007) There have been a number of differing views on ‘power over’ the many years in which it has been studied. Theorist such as Anthony Gidden in his works on structuration theory attempts to integrate basic structural analyses and agency-centred traditions. According to this, people are free to act, but they must also use and replicate fundamental structures of power by and through their own actions. Power is wielded and maintained by how one ‘makes a difference’ and based on their decisions and actions, if one fails to exercise power, that is to ‘make a difference’ then power is lost. (Giddens: 1984: 14) However, more recent theorists have revisited older conceptions including the power one has over another and within the decision-making processes, and power, as the ability to set specific, wanted agendas. To put it simply, power is the ability to get others to do something they wouldn’t otherwise do. In the political arena, therefore, power is the ability to make or influence decisions that other people are bound by.
His first statement is that “Literary criticism is a description and evaluation of its object” (Brooks 19). The literary critic reports on the work that he is criticizing and picks out the meaning that he deems important, which might be different from what the next critic would pick out. To describe the work it is therefore already a subjective exercise, such as in Doctor Faustus, in the A-version of the text, some people ...
middle of paper ... ... on many fronts. First, in its insistence on excluding external evidence, New Criticism disqualifies many possibly fruitful perspectives for understanding texts, such as historicism, psychoanalysis, and Marxism. Since New Criticism aims at finding one "correct" reading, it also ignores the ambiguity of language and the active nature of the perception of meaning described by poststructuralists. Finally, it can even be perceived as elitist, because it excludes those readers who lack the background for arriving at the "correct" interpretation.
Historical Criticism is criticism that “considers how military, social, cultural, economic, scientific, intellectual, literary, and every other kind of history helps us to understand the author and the work” (Lynn 142). Simply stated, unlike the previously discussed criticisms, Historical Criticism connects a work to certain times or places, revealing its historical influences. Therefore, the reader is required to perform research in order to learn more about the author’s life, the author’s time period and culture, and the way of reasoning during that time. Accordingly, with a critical eye, the reader should relate the information back to the work which will provide the reader with a richer understanding of the reading as well as with author’s message to the reader (Lynn 29-31). Beyond “close reading”, the reader must research what establishes the foundation of the work. Although, below the foundation of a work there lies an even richer understanding of the
Foucault in Power/Knowledge (1980), describes knowledge as being conjunction of power relations and information seeking which he terms as ‘power/knowledge’. He states that ‘it is not possible for power to be excercised without knowledge, it is impossible for knowledge not to engender power.’ Foucault here emphasizes that knowledge is not dispassionate, rather an integral part of struggles over power. It also draws the attention to the way that, in producing knowledge, one is also making claim for power. Hence, for Foucault it was more accurate to use the newly formed compound ‘power/knowledge’ to emphasise the way that these two elements depend on one another. “Thus, where there are imbalances of power relations between groups of people or between institutions/states, there will be a production of knowledge. Because of the institutional imbalance in power relations between men and women in Western countries, Foucault would argue, information is produced about women; thus we find many books in libraries about women but few about men, and similarly many about working class but few about the middle classes.”