The incidence of May-Thurner’s syndrome (MTS) is unknown because investigation usually stops after a positive deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Occurrence of MTS related to DVT has been noted in only 2%-3% of all lower limb DVTs. May-Thurner’s syndrome is an iliac compression syndrome of the left iliac vein by the overlapping right iliac artery. Patients can live majority of their lives without knowing of its existence, until the symptoms begin to develop. Majority of the time, the compression of the vein causes the DVT to form. Similar to symptoms of a DVT, the patient will present with swelling and pain of the lower extremitiy(s). Performing the study with a GE Logiq 9 and a 7L transducer, the venous lower extremity protocol is followed, compressing
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare inherited group of connective tissue disorders characterized by defects of the major structural protein in the body (collagen). Collagen is a tough fibrous protein that plays an essential role in binding, holding together, strengthening, and providing elasticity to bodily cells and tissues. There are six major types of EDS that I will discuss, however I will only go into a detailed discussion on two of the six types of EDS. The two major types of EDS are Classical EDS and Hypermobile EDS. These two types make up 90% of all EDS cases.
The DSM-5 (2013) identifies additional social factors that may contribute or result from OCD. These factors include a history of physical or sexual abuse, trauma history, deficits in social support, family dysfunction, and infectious environmental agents. Earlier onset is an additional situational factor as it is often correlated with more severe symptom presentation (American Psychological Association, 2013).
One of the characteristics of the common disorder, and perhaps the most worrisome for the patients affected, is decreased blood flow in the atria, which is associated with and allows thrombi to form. Embolism from the atria can cause cerebrovascular accidents, which can be devastating to the affected individuals and their families.
Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) is the formation of a blood clot or thrombus in the large vein of the legs(Narani, 2010). The signs and symptoms of a lower limb DVT varies from asymptomatic to extensive ilio femoral thrombosis(Narani, 2010). The most common clinical manifestation can be sudden swelling of one limb accompanied with pain or tenderness,
The arterial duplex ultrasound of the right lower extremity performed on 3/30/2016 revealed a mild to moderate atherosclerotic plaque in the visualized arteries with limited visualization and a large probable hematoma. A follow-up study was suggested to ensure resolution of the hematoma and for better arterial visualization. (Norman Regional Health System 1 379 )
...nt of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: Interpreting the latest guidelines for nurse practitiners. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 9(10), 653-660. doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.08.026
Skin discoloration of the lower legs, ankles and feet may appear if there is increased pressure in the leg veins. The pressure may be the result of venous stasis. This is a condition in which there is poor blood flow from the legs back to the heart. It usually occurs when varicose veins have formed and the blood starts to pool in the veins and becomes stagnant. As it accumulates, small and medium sized veins may spring a tiny leak and some blood passes into the tissue. Once in the tissue, the blood breaks up and iron is released that stains the skin causing it to turn brown.
On May 5, 2016 I was dispatched to 161 SE. 1st Ave. for domestic disturbance. The disturbance was reported by inmate at the jail.
After a thorough examination, J.P. was diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). “DVT develops most often in the legs but can occur also in the upper arms…” (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Due t...
Peripheral artery disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis, which is when fatty deposits accumulate in the arteries of, most likely, limbs. This does affect all arteries throughout the body, then in turn, slowing the blood flow. PAD may also be due to inflammation of the blood vessels, injury to the extremities, or even exposure to radiation. “Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects approximately 10% of the American population” (Gurbir Dhaliwal; Peripheral arterial disease: Epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment; 2007). If not taken care of, PAD may lead to critical limb ischemia, open sores on the feet or legs that become infected by gangrene. The gangrene is then removed surgically, but doctors might have to amputate the extremity all together. Another issue that arises with PAD if it is not under control is the risk of stroke or heart attack. These can cause death to part of the heart or brain, or even death itself. The population more at risk would be smokers, diabetics, people who are obese, those with hypertension or hyperlipidemia, over the age of 50, have a family history of PAD, or those with a high level of homocysteine. If someone does fall into a few of these categories a physician can do a few tests to check for PAD. The doctor will more than likely start off with a physical exam, blood test, and possibly an ultrasound. From there the physician may try an ankle-brachial index, or ABI, which compares the blood pressure of the feet to the blood pressure of the arm. “An American survey of 2174 patients older than 40 years of age used the ankle-brachial index (ABI) as a screening tool, and showed a PAD prevalence of 0.9% between the ages of 40 and 49 years, 2.5% between the ages of 50 and 59 years, ...
The walking dead does in fact exist. However, it is not the flesh eating zombie that many think about when hearing the term ‘walking dead.’ Instead, it is a rare and serious mental disorder also known as Cotard’s Syndrome. “In 1880, Jules Cotard (1840-1889) described the syndrome that bears his name as a constellation of false nihilistic beliefs, often in the form of self-negation.” (Ramirez-Bermudez, Aguilar-Venegas, Crail-Melendez, Espinola-Nadurille, Nente & Mendez, 2010) Throughout time there has been many controversies regarding what causes this disease. Cotard’s Syndrome was finally divided into three groups in 1995 as psychotic depression, Cotard’s Syndrome Type I, and Cotard’s Syndrome Type II.
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease that results from the continued thickening of an artery’s inner lining. In peripheral artery disease, plaque-buildups usually cause obstructions that narrow the artery, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the body’s extremities, specifically the hands, legs, and feet (Hyperarts, 2017). Consequently, CLI patients experience severe pain because of this reduction in circulation. In addition to rest-pain many patients face, CLI can also cause sores and ulcers in the skin of the area receiving less blood flow, increasing the pain CLI patients experience daily. Not only does CLI cause chronic excruciating pain, this condition puts patients at a higher risk for cardiovascular events.
Deep veins are located in the arms, legs, pelvis, and pulmonary system (Wipke-Tevis & Rich, 2014). Risk factors that are associated with venous thromboembolism include venous stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability of the blood. Pathophysiology behind a DVT is when platelets aggregate and fibrin capture the RBCs, WBCs, and platelets to form a clot. Common sites where thrombus is formed are valve cusps of veins, where venous stasis occurs (Wipke-Tevis & Rich, 2014).
A thrombosis is a blood clot. When clots form in the deep veins of the legs, it will cause serious pain and swelling in the feet and legs. This dangerous medical condition needs immediate attention.
Duane syndrome is a genetic disorder. This is an eye movement disorder. Duane syndrome is congenital, which means you are born with this genetic disorder. The cause of this genetic disorder is when the Lateral Rectus muscle does not work properly and eye muscles to contract when they shouldn’t and other eye muscles not to contract when they should. This happens during the third or eighth week of pregnancy. Although Duane syndrome develops during pregnancy, most are diagnosed at age ten. Only eighty percent of people with this genetic disorder has only one eye affected. It is about sixty percent of Duane syndrome patients are girls and about forty percent boy patients.