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Old English poetry
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Mary Astell and her Relation to 18th Century Poets
In eighteenth century England, women were stripped of all their assets upon marriage. In short, when a woman married she became the property of her husband. Subjugated and forced to obey a man who may or may not be abusive, violent, or simply unpleasant, these women did not had little choice in the matter. For this reason, none can argue the importance of Mary Astell in the history of women’s liberation. A proto-feminist, Mary Astell penned the groundbreaking essay, “Some Reflections upon Marriage.” However, Mary Astell could be considered harsh, especially when compared to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Anne Finch. Both women agreed with Astell to an extent, but neither believed, as Astell did, that there was no circumstance in which marriage would be a happy state for a woman.
Mary Astell’s essay “Some Reflections Upon Marriage” criticized the institution of marriage so harshly, it seemed to suggest, if not state outright, that no woman with even the smallest semblance of an education would even consider marriage as a viable optio...
Both Stephanie Coontz in “Great expectations” and Archena Bhalla in “My home, my world” address the issue about marriage and arranged marriages. While Stephanie mostly speaks on couples don’t make marriage their top priority and don’t last for a long time. And she gives an example by saying that “People nowadays don’t respect the marriage vowels.” She also believes that in the 18th and 19th centuries, conventional wisdom among middle-class men was the kind of woman you’d want for a wife was incapable of sexual passion which has changed in the 20th century. Also that marriage was viewed in the prospective that work relationship in which passion took second place to practicality and intimacy never was important with male. Bhalla speaks
In the eighteenth century, the process of choosing a husband and marrying was not always beneficial to the woman. A myriad of factors prevented women from marrying a man that she herself loved. Additionally, the men that women in the eighteenth century did end up with certainly had the potential to be abusive. The attitudes of Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams toward women’s desire for male companionship, as well as the politics of sexuality, are very different. Although both Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams express a desire for men in their poetry, Charlotte Lennox views the implications of this desire differently than Anna Williams.
The angry tone of Wollstonecraft’s “Vindication of the Rights of Women” significantly contrasts with the cautionary tone of Austen’s “On Making an Agreeable Marriage,” seeking to reform society rather than guide people to live in that society. When Austen describes the drawbacks of loveless marriage, she writes that “Anything is to be preferred or endured rather than marrying without affection” (Austen 72-73). Austen uses “preferred” and “endured” to warn her niece against marrying too quickly, creating a cautionary tone. Moreover, “anything” emphasizes the miserableness of a marriage without affection, beseeching Austen’s niece to verify her love before diving headfirst into a marriage. In contrast, when demonizing the education system, Wollstonecraft
Is marriage really important? There is a lot of controversy over marriage and whether it is eminent. Some people believe it is and some people believe it is not. These opposing opinions cause this controversy. “On Not Saying ‘I do’” by Dorian Solot explains that marriage is not needed to sustain a relationship or a necessity to keep it healthy and happy. Solot believes that when a couple gets married things change. In “For Better, For Worse”, Stephanie Coontz expresses that marriage is not what is traditional in society because it has changed and is no longer considered as a dictator for people’s lives. The differences between these two essays are the author’s writing style and ideas.
Margaret Fuller in her essay, The Great Lawsuit: Man verse Men. Woman verse Women, and Fanny Fern in journalistic pieces like “Aunt Hetty on Matrimony” and “Hungry Husbands,” address one of the most confusing issues of the nineteenth century American ‘The Woman Question.” In their works, both authors discus about gender politics, institution of marriage and the difficulties and dynamics of male-female relationships in the twenty-first century.
Lady Chudleighs’s “To the Ladies” exhibits a remorseful stance on the concept of joining holy matrimony. Chudleigh’s usage of metaphoric context and condescending tone discloses her negative attitude towards the roles of a wife once she is married. It is evident that Mary Chudleigh represents the speaker of the poem and her writing serves a purpose to warn single women not go get married and a regretful choice to women who are.
In her essay, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret Fuller discusses the state of marriage in America during the 1800‘s. She is a victim of her own knowledge, and is literally considered ugly because of her wisdom. She feels that if certain stereotypes can be broken down, women can have the respect of men intellectually, physically, and emotionally. She explains why some of the inequalities exist in marriages around her. Fuller feels that once women are accepted as equals, men and women will be able achieve a true love not yet known to the people of the world.
The English Woman’s Journal was a monthly feminist periodical that women used to communicate their interests and need for societal reform. A chapter of the periodical recites the story of Elizabeth von Recke; when Elizabeth became a married woman, she also became a troubled woman. Her husband “was accustomed to have his every look and obeyed”(Source D) and refused her of the simplest pleasures, such as being able to visit her acquaintances. Women were to marry for financial stability since they were not able to work outside of the home; their husbands served as the head of the household and dominated all of the family's affair and could deny their wives basic
During the 1600s marriage was a high demand among men and women. This was the time when England was impacted by different events that occurred. As a man in England they were responsible for keeping the country’s political and economic businesses going. While, women did not have a huge amount of responsibility politically or economically. The seventeenth century in England marriage and sexual morals was important Mary Astell, who was an English feminist writer and rhetorician. She was known for her advocacy of equal opportunities for women. She could express her political and theological through the different works she published. She was the voice for women during this time.
Many Americans, men and women, have become feminists to promote equal rights for women. Now when couples get divorced. the men don’t get everything; both the man and the woman have an equal chance to prove they are worthy enough to obtain assets and children. Usually, the female acquires the children and the male acquires the assets. “The Story of an Hour” might inspire some modern-day wives to oppose their husbands if their marriages are not going so well.
Judy Brady’s brings attention to the oppression of women, by their husband, and the cultural acceptance and expectation of this mistreatment. Brady’s calculated emotional appeal, abundance of irony, and cautionary tone throughout her essay, “Why I Want a Wife,” carries her belief of women being the sole contributor to the husband’s success, and alerts her female audience of the abuse, with hope that they will ultimately defy the normalized exploitation of women.
Following the Enlightenment, Mary Wollstonecraft wrote the feminist novel The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In this novel she applied rights to females that had formerly been reserved to males, such as unalienable rights. Her novel impacted different areas of society. Wollstonecraft called for the advancement of women’s rights in areas such as education, work, and politics. She also proposes that women are just as capable as men and have a far greater purpose than simply to be pleasing to men. Her novel became a bestseller in the summer of 1792.1 After reading her novel, many women applied her views to their lives to the greatest extent possible in the time period in which they lived. Mary Wollstonecraft’s novel was the first major stand for women’s rights creating the feminist movement in Great Britain and consequently the Americas.
In Wollstonecraft’s radical essay, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, she discusses women’s issues including marriage and the right for an education equal to that of a man’s. A part of her argument for equal education is that women should have the right to develop their own form of reason without influence from other sources. The importance of developing reason is so that women will not be overly inclined towards emotionalism and develop superficial ways of thinking (46). Since women are uneducated they, unfortunately, blindly submit to men 's power. This leads to another of Wollstonecraft’s points: that marriage is a form of prostitution (48). Wollstonecraft was mocked in her time, but was later recognized as a founder of modern feminism.
Men and women led very much different lives, it was the idea that men belonged to the public sphere and women to the domestic sphere. It was at a time when men went to work to generate income for the family, socialised and held political power, whereas women on the other hand were confined to the home and left to raise the children, as well as doing the cooking and cleaning. Despite women’s roles mainly revolving around the home, their duties were important none the less and were considered as crucial for society by the Victorians, as demonstrated by Martin Wiener who states that a wife’s behaviour and character became more crucial than ever to the happiness and viability of the home . It was here in the nineteenth century that the ideal women was based on ‘Mary’- the ‘divine guide, p...
Throughout the early 1800s, British women most often were relegated to a subordinate role in society by their institutionalized obligations, laws, and the more powerfully entrenched males. In that time, a young woman’s role was close to a life of servitude and slavery. Women were often controlled by the men in their lives, whether it was a father, brother or the eventual husband. Marriage during this time was often a gamble; one could either be in it for the right reasons, such as love, or for the wrong reasons, such as advancing social status. In 19th century Britain, laws were enacted to further suppress women and reflected the societal belief that women were supposed to do two things: marry and have children.