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Role of women in ancient greek and roman societies
Women's roles in ancient greece
Role of women in ancient greek and roman societies
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Marriage rights are always something that I have found very interesting, as most cultures differ extremely from what we see in our modern Western culture. In today’s world, women who live in a Westernized society have the same rights in their marriage as their husbands do, especially when it comes to situations such as divorce, custody, and the ownership of property. This is completely different to what a marriage looked like in Ancient Greece. One thing that’s especially interesting to me is what rights a woman has in her marriage (what rights she had in terms of property, divorce, custody of her children, etc.). It is evident that the main purpose when it came to a woman in her marriage in ancient Greece was to produce as many male offspring …show more content…
I decided to focus my research on Athens, since it was one of the largest cities in ancient Greece. There was also a significant amount of information surrounding marriage laws. Athens was also one of the cities that women had the least rights (compared to cities like Sparta for example). Women had very little power when it came to their day to day lives. They could not own any property (unless they became a widow, but that will be discussed later), they could also not handle any sort of financial matters other than the day to day purchasing of food and supplies for her family. This meant that a woman was under a male caretaker for her whole life, going from her father’s family to her husband’s family once she was married. This paper will illustrate how little power a woman had in her marriage, and showcase the few instances where a woman actually had some rights that were in …show more content…
There is a good example of this relationship “in a forensic speech delivered towards 360,” when two neighbors (“Teisias and Kallikles”) regarding a wall that had “diverted water onto the land of Kallikles and caused damage [to his property].” In order to try and prove that the water hadn’t caused any significant damage Teisias remarked “Before the other party engaged in malicious litigation, my mother was in amicable terms with their mother. The women used to visit one another … because our fathers were on amicable terms as long as they were alive.” This demonstrates how much it was expected for women’s relationships to based on who their husbands were friendly with, as this was a fact that was strong enough to be used in
The Bible which is seen as one of the most sacred text to man has contained in it not only the Ten Commandments, but wedding vows. In those vows couples promise to love, cherish, and honor each other until death does them apart. The irony of women accepting these vows in the nineteenth century is that women are viewed as property and often marry to secure a strong economic future for themselves and their family; love is never taken into consideration or questioned when a viable suitor presents himself to a women. Often times these women do not cherish their husband, and in the case of Edna Pontiellier while seeking freedom from inherited societal expectations and patriarchal control; even honor them. Women are expected to be caretakers of the home, which often time is where they remain confined. They are the quintessential mother and wife and are expected not to challenge that which...
This source provided the unique perspective of what was thought to be the perfect household, with a man who worked and a wife who cooked and cleaned. However, it also showed how a woman could also do what a man can do, and in some cases they could do it even better. This work is appropriate to use in this essay because it shows how men talked down to their wives as if they were children. This work shows the gradual progression of woman equality and how a woman is able to make her own decisions without her husband’s input.
For some odd reason, it seemed that men were allowed to be philanderers while their wives stayed at home. This is evidenced in the Odyssey quite well- Odysseus the?hero? is free to sample all the pretty ladies he cares for, whereas Penelope, his wife, is expected to fend off all the suitors at home. Predictably, Penelope melts into his arms when she realizes it is her long-lost husband without pausing to consider what he has done in his absence. This reaction portrays the unequal morals of Greek society regarding gender.
The marriages in Ancient Greece are significantly different from contemporary American marriages primarily in the roles of the sexes, but also concerning the level of communication between spouses.
Recently in my class, we have been discussing different civilizations and how women were treated during that time. While reading the books, I was able to read things and relate them to notes that I had recently taken. Something in particular that I found that correlated was in chapter four of the book. This chapter talked about women’s role in Athens, which was motherhood. We had just talked about this in class, and how men were able to divorce women with no public humiliation, if the wife was not able to conceive a
In Classical Greece, roles played by males and females in society were well-defined as well as very distinct from each other. Expectations to uphold these societal norms were strong, as a breakdown within the system could destroy the success of the oikos (the household) and the male’s reputation—two of the most important facets of Athenian life. The key to a thriving oikos and an unblemished reputation was a good wife who would efficiently and profitably run the household. It was the male’s role, however, to ensure excellent household management by molding a young woman into a good wife. Women were expected to enter the marriage as a symbolically empty vessel; in other words, a naïve, uneducated virgin of about 15 years who could be easily shaped by a husband twice her age. Through the instruction of her husband, the empty vessel would be filled with the necessary information to become a good wife who would maintain an orderly household and her husband’s reputation, thereby fulfilling the Athenian female gender role for citizen women.
In the Bronze Age, early Greek’s political concern was largely on defense. During this time, while the men were serving in battles and war, women were expected to “bear future warriors” (Pomeroy 18), similarly to what Zeus enforced. Heroic Greek society demanded women to be married upon reaching maturity, and to begin having children immediately. The earliest writings of ancient Greece, usually accredited to Homer, show murderous arguments between men over women. Pomeroy writes, “It was a quarrel with Agamemnon over a valuable slave woman that precipitated Achilles’ withdrawal from the fighting at Troy and provided the theme for the Iliad.” (Pomeroy 25) Later, we will see how lawmakers enforced the role of women to prevent competition among
Throughout most of recorded history, women generally have endured significantly fewer career opportunities and choices, and even less legal rights, than that of men. The “weaker sex,” women were long considered naturally, both physically and mentally, inferior to men. Delicate and feeble minded, women were unable to perform any task that required muscular or intellectual development. This idea of women being inherently weaker, coupled with their natural biological role of the child bearer, resulted in the stereotype that “a woman’s place is in the home.” Therefore, wife and mother were the major social roles and significant professions assigned to women, and were the ways in which women identified and expressed themselves. However, women’s history has also seen many instances in which these ideas were challenged-where women (and some men) fought for, and to a large degree accomplished, a re-evaluation of traditional views of their role in society.
In many instances, women and children have no say so as to what goes on inside the home. Whatever the father believed is what their children and wife’s had to conform to. Many women, such as Lucy Knox and Abigail Adams, began challenging their husbands for respect and partial control in their union and homes. Despite gains in rights and divorce, republican society still defined women’s roles exclusively in terms of mother, wife, and homemaker. Any other roles pursued would seem unnatural and threatening.
According to research, the role of women in classical Greece was extremely limited. Men and women were segregated all over in the Greek society, even in the home (Source 9). Women were secluded in their homes to the point of not being able to leave their own quarters except on special religious occasions or as necessity dictated (Source 10). All women were tightly controlled and confined to the home to insure that their husbands were provided legitimate male heirs. Beyond this, women had no true value (Source 6). Clearly, male domination in Greek society was like enslavement to women. A marriage contract dated 92 B.C. can be located in Women's Life in Greece & Rome by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant which defines unacceptable behavior within the union of marriage. The document requires that both husband and wife be chaste within the context of the household, but although nothing prevents ...
The position of women in Classical Athens has often been described as subordinate in comparison to men. Women were categorized in very particular ways: Athenian women were wives, while those who migrated to Athens from other city-states were slaves or prostitutes. Countless literature, from tragedy to comedy and political texts, reinforces the notion that citizen women were meant to serve their husbands within the confines of the oikos and produce legitimate sons in order to further the glory of men while non-Athenian women served their purpose towards men through sexual pleasure. While there may be partial truth to these views, Athenian women played a crucial role in the religious sphere. Religion was directly linked to civic identity and was a fundamental and sacred element of not only a city-state, but to Greece as a whole during the Classical period. Surviving documentation has demonstrated that Athenian women played a vital part to specific religious traditions, such as the participation in the festivals of Thesmophoria and Adonia. Furthermore, there exists evidence that proves women could also acquire the position of priestess for particular cults, a position that increased their reputation and status in a culture that considered them inferior. These marginalized women used religion as a way to carve out a sacred and protect space for themselves, using it to create a sense of freedom in their lives and to bridge the gap in equality between them and the dominant men.
Wives, in ancient Greece, were strategically selected for the purpose of producing legitimate heirs and maintaining control of property (Gulick 57). They were typically not the objects of their husband’s sexual desire. "Marriage was a matter of good family, good dowry, and good health. Given the differences in ages, education and experience, there were no real grounds for companionship.
Socrates begins his explanation of marriages in the city by first establishing that all spouses and children in the city be held in common in order to avoid any factions among the people. Then he further goes on to explain that in order to avoid irregular unholy intercourse there will be festivals at set times in the year during which the marriage of couples for intercourse will occur. According to this decree the best women will be “given” to the best and most prestigious men of the city often times in multiples in order to secure there will be more offspring of this caliber. While the process of setting forth or arraigning these marriages will be left to the noblest guardians in order to disguise this fact the distribution of wives will be decided through a serious of games that will lead the ordinary man to believe his wife selection was based solely on chance.
Marriage is more similar to the way performance dogs are bred. The best guardian men and woman in their prime will bred with each other to produce offspring that are also the best (458d- 459d). To be certain that the best guardian men bred with the best guardian women, the city will have marriage festivals with an unfair lottery system (459e-460a). He proposes this so that the inferior guardians will blame luck rather than the rulers when they are not selected. The best guardian men will also be permitted to bred with as many women as they desire in order to increase the likelihood of giving birth to children that are also the best (460a-b). Plato believes that intercourse should only be done out of necessity (458d), and that it should not be permitted unless the rulers have preapproved it (459e). In conclusion, Plato believes that marriage (of guardians) is simply intercourse, it should be predetermined by the
Many Americans, men and women, have become feminists to promote equal rights for women. Now when couples get divorced. the men don’t get everything; both the man and the woman have an equal chance to prove they are worthy enough to obtain assets and children. Usually, the female acquires the children and the male acquires the assets. “The Story of an Hour” might inspire some modern-day wives to oppose their husbands if their marriages are not going so well.