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Essays of forgiveness
Essays of forgiveness
Chile use of transitional justice
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The third source that I will be using for my paper is by Mark R Amstutz. In this book he describes in great detail about transitional justice, political forgiveness, and cases in different countries, mainly Argentina, Chile, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. He especially dedicated chapters on retributive justice and the limits of forgiveness in Argentina, and the quest for reconciliation through truth telling in Chile. He argues that forgiveness is an essential part of politics when dealing with the collective wrongdoing of military regime and believes that a combination knowing the truth, victims getting an public apology, repentance and compensation and ultimately forgiveness and the lifting of deserved penalties will bring reconciliation
in a state. This book is relevant for my research paper as it takes a slightly different approach on forgiveness as a state and talks about the consequences of failure to forgive in a nation. He gives the historical overview during and after the military regimes and about Chile’s “truth and reparations” strategy where it did not lead to national reconciliation as well as of Argentina’s case where national forgiveness is impossible even now due to the criminals’ refusal to acknowledge their crimes. Since I will be covering the importance of truth, justice and reconciliation regarding the situation in Chile and Argentina on my final paper, this piece is very helpful for me. His approach in this topic is interesting and helped me understand further about my thesis topic.
Simon Wiesenthal’s book The Sunflower: On the Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness spoke to me about the question of forgiveness and repentance. Simon Wiesenthal was a Holocaust prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. He experienced many brutal and uneasy experiences that no human being should experience in their lifetime and bear to live with it. Death, suffering, and despair were common to Simon Wiesenthal that he questioned his own religious faith because he asks why would his God allow the Holocaust happen to his people to be slaughter and not do anything to save them. During Simon Wiesenthal time as a Jewish Holocaust, Simon was invited to a military hospital where a dying Nazi SS officer wanted to have a conversation. The Nazi SS officer told Simon his story of his life and confesses to Simon of his horrific war crimes. Ultimately, the SS officer wanted forgiveness for what he done to Simon’s Jewish people. Simon Wiesenthal could not respond to his request, because he did not know what to do with a war criminal that participate in mass genocide to Simon’s people. Simon Wiesenthal lives throughout his life on asking the same crucial question, “What would I have done?” (Wiesenthal 98). If the readers would be on the exact situation as Simon was
Forgiveness is crucial for a clear conscience and peace of mind for the both of them. However, all of this is arguable by the fact that today’s experiences are incomparable to those of Hitler’s times. One cannot begin to place one in each other’s shoes and know exactly how to respond to the events happening. One can only guess how they would respond, but until they are in that moment, all plausible reasoning can change. Nevertheless, forgiveness continues to be an aspect of everyday life in every century.
The position to choose between forgiving one’s evil oppressor and letting him die in unrest is unlike any other. The Sunflower by Simon Wiesenthal explores the possibilities and limitations of forgiveness through the story of one Jew in Nazi Germany. In the book, Wiesenthal details his life in the concentration camp, and the particular circumstance in which a dying Nazi asks him for forgiveness for all the heinous acts committed against Jews while under the Nazi regime. Wiesenthal responds to this request by leaving the room without giving forgiveness. The story closes with Wiesenthal posing the question, “What would you have done?” Had I been put in the position that Wiesenthal was in, I would ultimately choose to forgive the Nazi on the basis
Kwasi Enin and Martin Altenburg are two of the incredible students who got accepted into all the Ivy League schools (colleges of high academic and social prestige). Both are highly celebrated for their academic feats, however not many know of their upbringings.
A gesture that formerly connoted weakness grows to represent moral strength and provides a crucial step towards potential reconciliation. Within his text, Philpott expresses wholehearted belief in the power of apology stating, “Few acts undo the legitimacy of a crime more effectively than a perpetrator’s renunciation of it” (Philpott 205). Philpott describes the practice of apology as, “When a perpetrator apologizes, he condemns his own role in the political injustice and thus helps to defeat its standing victory from one angle. Yet, the victim retains his own freedom to decide how he will respond to the perpetrator and thus retains a measure of control over whether the standing victory of the injustice is defeated” (Philpott 264). Philosophically, the idea of apology within restorative justice and reconciliation could mark a reaffirmation of the fundamental moral principles of the community, promote national reconciliation, strengthen a principle of transnational cooperation and contribute to the improvement of international law and diplomatic relations. Following an apology, a relationship becomes possible between the perpetrator and the victim, which in turn creates the potential for a less hostile environment for the community, and marks a society’s affirmation of a set of virtues in contradistinction to a past of
Zehr (1990) who is thought to be one of the pioneers leading the argument for restorative justice highlighted three questions presented when taking a restorative approach; what is the nature of the harm resulting from the crime? What needs to be done to make things right or repair the harm? Who is responsible for this repair? He ascertained that ‘crime is fundamentally a violation of people and interpersonal relationships’. He also noted that violations create obligations and liabilities and that restorative justice seeks to heal and put right the wrongs. Restorative jus...
Everyone has a role model or someone that they look up to who influences them. “No matter how many losses you take, get back up and face your fears over and over because after a while you’ll start to realize that they were never holding you back at all.” In this quote by Mark Fischbach, whom is more commonly known as Markiplier, a popular video game “let’s player” and commentator, he supports the theme of never giving up on yourself or your dreams because of temporary roadblocks. This quote is only one of many from popular YouTube funnyman that are immensely inspirational for his fans old and young alike. Myself being one of those fans. Markiplier has influenced me in many ways throughout the years that I’ve been subscribed to him, but my main focus for this essay will be most importantly that he taught me (and many others) to take chances, believe in myself, and to not ever give up no matter how hopeless a situation may seem.
Stewart, M. (2011). The space between the steps: reckoning in an area of reconciliation. Contemporary Justice Review, 14(1), 43-63. Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/10282580.2011.541076
Robert M. Grant was an early church historian and professor at the University of Chicago Divinity School, he was an also an Episcopalian minister. Grant tells the reader in his preface that his work is not so much a history of the early church as it is a “venture into the reconstruction of early Christian practicality. ” According to the author, the book was written to contrast the mythical and romanticize vision of the early church which, too often is associated with accounts of the early church. Grant believes that this is caused by a great divide in study between the sacred and the secular and is a serious mistake , and that, much like issues which concern religious liberty in our world today, the church must be understood and studied in relation to society. His first three studies mirror this conviction; he focuses on topics which bridge the gap between church and state. In this book review I will summarize sections I-III and then evaluate these three sections .
Although the theory of retribution roots from the ancient principle of “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth ” traced all the way back to Hammurabi’s reign, the contemporary understanding of retribution is much more intricate. As stated in the essay “Why the Death Penalty is Morally Permissible” by Professor Emeritus of Philosophy Louis P. Pojman, “Retributivism is not based on hatred for the criminal (though a feeling of vengeance may accompany the punishment). Retributivism is the theory th...
...andela once said, “True reconciliation does not consist in merely forgetting the past.” For Japan to reconcile with South Korea, the Japanese government has to fully acknowledge and apologize for its war crimes. Japan currently suffers from “apology fatigue,” wondering why they are being continually told to repent and apologize for things that happened almost 70 years ago. This is Korea’s fault, constantly pressuring Japan to apologize. They aren’t willing to move on from the past or accept that Japan will not apologize. This is understandable since they do not want Japan to make this mistake again. They tried to cover up their mistakes rather than admitting them in the past. But the fact of the matter is, Japan still has not given a meaningful apology to Korea. Hence, Korean people will continue to view Japan in a negative light until the repentance happens.
Its foundation is a range of mechanism and processes that are characterized into two categories, retributive and restorative justices; to provide form reparation for the victims of human right abuses and to construct punishments for individuals or groups for the crimes that were committed during the process of transition. There are five “core principles” of transitional justice are; trials, truth commissions, reparations, lustrations and amnesties. These mechanisms are implemented to accomplish the state’s obligations to investigate, prosecute and punish individuals, to seek the truth, to aide victim with reparations and to reform abusive institutions. Within in the last decades, transitional justice as method has evolved essentially and it’s considered the principle to the processes of transition to democracy and peace and the answer to national conflict. Thus, political leaders seek the installation of these temporary mechanisms to challenge past violations and to help restore legitimate legal systems and democratic
The Death Penalty and War.Full Text Available By: Duner, Bertil; Geurtsen, Hanna. International Journal of Human Rights, Winter2002, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p1-28, 28p
One of the most important times in a nation’s history is the transition when a new government is established. This is when a country is very vulnerable to violence and instability. The wounds and anger suffered during the war are still fresh. There is often a cycle of retribution for past atrocities resulting in new violence that brings new hatred. Archbishop Tutu was asked to be the chairperson of the post-apartheid South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The goal was to lessen tensions between the two sides by bringing justice. Political criminals were able to request amnesty, and victims could be unburdened by telling their stories. War crimes were punished. Tutu’s ability to reconcile the sides was amazing. His faith that everyone could be forgiven and redeemed was tested as the commission heard tales of monstrous deeds perpetrated during the struggle. However, somehow they were able to heal many wounds (Tutu, Desmond, God Has a
Fairness, equity, honesty, and righteousness are all synonyms for the term justice. Whether justice and righteousness will be based on reconciliation or retribution, should thoroughly be based on the severity of the crime, although, everyone should be treated fairly, equal, honestly, and with righteousness; no matter the crime. Reconciliation is “an act of reconciling, as when former enemies agree to an amicable truce”. All justice should be fair and have some reconciliation to a certain point, but whether that point later leads to retribution, should be entirely based on the crime and past crimes. It should not be based on appearance or stereotypes.