Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Bernard williams-the makropulos case
Influence of science fiction
Influence of science fiction
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Bernard William’s The Makropulos Case focuses on the topic of immortality, and the issues that would arise from being immortal. William’s uses the concept of the Makropulos play to refute the idea of immortality, because the protagonist kills themselves out of unbearable boredom from exhausting their categorical desires. Whereas John Martin Fischer rejects William’s view of immortality, due to the limiting constraints of his argument. Fischer asserts the immortal life would be livable, because it reflects a mortal life. In effect, I will further Fischer’s argument, in proposing the concept of categorical desires evolving, and then the significance of external factors occurring in society. Therefore, this essay will explain the significant components …show more content…
However, I will build on-top of Fischer’s idea, and propose the concept where a categorical desire can grow in complexity the it is pursued. Additionally, the proposal adds to the concept of packaged categorical desires, because it focuses on how the agents interest deepens/broadens in complexity. The proposed example is a child’s developing a love for outer-space, and as they age they choose to pursue that interest as their categorical desire. Moreover, as the child ages, their love for outer-space becomes broader as they become interested in astrophysics and science-fiction related to space travel. Furthermore, I propose the individual is given the immortality elixir (between the ages of 25-35), which then gives the agent an unlimited amount of time to devote themselves towards their categorical desire. Moreover, once the agent has achieved their opportunity of becoming an astronaut, and spending their time exploring the Solar System. The agent’s fascination for space deepens in complexity, as they become interested in the theoretical/mathematical aspects of advancing space exploration. These new interests continue to branch out towards engineering space shuttles, and mankind in to solar systems. Significantly, the child that was interested in outer-space has built upon their interest/categorical desire. Nevertheless, their goals remain within the same scope, but their interests have evolved in complexity. Nonetheless, anti-immoralists would argue of the boredom one would undergo as they are floating in space for ten, or more years in a single environment. Arguably, this can be responded with Fischer’s concept of repeatable/rotational goods. This is on the account that the agent will have duties they will need to fulfill so they can safely return to earth, while they obtain research information on their mission.
Take a minute to relax. Enjoy the lightness, or surprising heaviness, of the paper, the crispness of the ink, and the regularity of the type. There are over four pages in this stack, brimming with the answer to some question, proposed about subjects that are necessarily personal in nature. All of philosophy is personal, but some philosophers may deny this. Discussed here are philosophers that would not be that silly. Two proto-existentialists, Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, were keen observers of humanity, and yet their conclusions were different enough to seem contradictory. Discussed here will be Nietzsche’s “preparatory human being” and Kierkegaard’s “knight of faith”. Both are archetypal human beings that exist in accordance to their respective philosopher’s values, and as such, each serve different functions and have different qualities. Both serve the same purpose, though. The free spirit and the knight of faith are both human beings that brace themselves against the implosion of the god concept in western society.
Poetry is a part of literature that writers used to inform, educate, warn, or entertain the society. Although the field has developed over the years, the authenticity of poetry remains in its ability to produce a meaning using metaphors and allusions. In most cases, poems are a puzzle that the reader has to solve by applying rhetoric analysis to extract the meaning. Accordingly, poems are interesting pieces that activate the mind and explore the reader’s critical and analytical skills. In the poem “There are Delicacies,” Earle Birney utilizes a figurative language to express the theme and perfect the poem. Specifically, the poem addresses the frangibility of the human life by equating it to the flimsy of a watch. Precisely, the poet argues that a human life is short, and, therefore, everyone should complete his duties in perfection because once he or she dies, the chance is unavailable forever.
The Ancient Greeks sought to define how humans should view their lives and how to create an existence dedicated to the basis of the “ideal” nature. This existence would be lived so as to create an “honorable” death upon their life’s end. Within their plays, both dramas and comedies, they sought to show the most extreme characteristics of human nature, those of the wise and worthy of Greek kleos along with the weak and greedy of mind, and how they were each entitled to a death but of varying significance. The Odyssey, their greatest surviving drama, stands as the epitome of defining both the flawed and ideal human and how each individual should approach death and its rewards and cautions through their journeys. Death is shown to be the consequence
...ves after him. There is a measure of immortality in achievement, the only immortality man can seek.” (Jacobsen, 196)
One of the oldest and most prominent issues that mankind has faced throughout history is that of their own mortality. In every society mankind has wrestled with the inevitable problem of their eventual death, and literature often reflects each society’s take on their mortality. For instance one of the most pronounced motifs in the epic poem Beowulf is the impending doom that each and every character knows will eventually come for them. This is most clearly illustrated by the protagonist himself in his dialogue with other characters. It is also perpetuated by the compelling need for glory and renown that many of the characters continuously search for. Lastly, the issue of mortality is presented by the preeminence of the history of the clans
If we know our fate, do our lives hold meaning? Meursault remarks, “Nothing, nothing mattered, and I know why.” He knows he will be executed by a society in which he cannot exist, but he resigns and thereby assures himself that the middle is meaningless. Before his arrest, he knew he would die. Perhaps this knowledge justifies his living moment to moment. His statement compares to Beckett’s Vladimir when he laments, “Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it is awful!” Both Meursault and Vladimir understand their insurmountable fate, but Meursault desires to confront it. This reveals Meursault to have the heroic qualities of Sisyphus. So, what Vladimir recognizes, Meursault confronts, and Sisyphus transcends. Sisyphus conquers his fate in spite of his immortality.
One of the few inescapable happenings in life is death. The perception of death is similar to the end of an era, a full revolution, and an inescapable enigma. Over the centuries, many civilizations have searched for their own death and every attempt has been riddled with failure. However, the quest for eternal life often includes a desire to stop aging. By living past normal life expectancy--with youthful attributes and energy, a lengthened life may equate to greater accomplishments, prominent prestige, and a lasting legacy. Eternal youth may also mean never maturing or reaching full potential. Author Mark Strand emphasizes elusive youth and immortality in his poem “Man and Camel” by utilizing rhetorical and literary devices to exploit the
Making the decision to act is the fundamental idea of existentialism. Choice is sacred in, and in choosing to create a positive perspective, we lighten the load that negativity brings. Albert Camus, in “The Myth of Sisyphus”, finds the classic tale of Sisyphus’ punishment as an existential masterpiece. The rock that Sisyphus has to push for all of eternity, to most, is viewed as an infinite imprisonment. Instead, Camus does not view this as a curse, but as a form of self-absolution. Similarly, Jean-Paul Sarte, author of “Existentialism”, explains existentialism as a way of taking responsibility for all of mankind and stresses the importance of choice. Man has the ability to shape his fate with making a choice and acting upon it. Choice is power. David Foster Wal...
[III] Immortality: “through Art, and through Art only, that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence”
The struggle for life is often seen as awkward and pathetic, such as the moth demonstrating its ardent desire for survival; through this narrow lens, death can be seen as an end to the chronic sufferings that life brings. However, rather than one force overpowering another as in “The Death of the Moth”, life and death are indeed simultaneous and complimentary components within the entire span of existence. They are not two isolated variables in which their sole interaction is that of death taking life, and life handing itself over to the dominant power; on the contrary, they are two variables that are dependent on one another for survival. Woolf fails to see that although all living beings die or are eventually eradicated, there are always a successors, and this constant balance is what perpetuates the subsistence of the cycle of life itself.
It is Benatar’s belief that when people defend the notion that its better to exist than to never have come into existence, they do so using arguments that appeal to pleasures outweighing pain. For example, let us take the expression it is better to have loved and lost than to have n...
To this objection, a proponent of Desire Satisfaction Theory could claim: to remedy these concerns and further extension should be made to the theory, that is, that one’s future desires being satisfied is also a component of a life going well. While this modification does fix the issue of not have ideal desires in youth, it does nothing to reconcile issues caused by someone forming bad desires out of not knowing or not caring about what makes their life go best.
The Cumaean Sybil was a prophetess in Greek mythology. Supposedly, she gained the ability to live for all eternity. However, she kept aging through her immortality. When she turned to a pile of dust and was forced to continue living, all that she wanted was death. She was young and naïve when she gained her immortality and later in her life, she became mature enough to understand her mistake and to begin her search for inner peace. Both J.D. Salinger and Richard Eberhart discuss the point of view that adulthood is filled with despair. In Salinger’s short story, despair is used to show the need for inner peace while in Eberhart’s poem, despair is used to contrast childhood and adulthood. In each, the authors prove that childhood, tranquility,
“death… points to the profound archetypal process of transformation” (Hall 86) signifying either a drive or the happening of a “new life”
Suppose one was to record their pleasures down on paper using a graph. At first, one might be confused as to how to go about quantifying their happiness. After consideration of the quality of ones varying pleasures though, one is more able to deduce whether it is a higher or a lower pleasure and graph them. This enables one to distinguish which things promote the greatest pleasure, which translates itself to strive for happiness. For example, consider the attainment of food or sex in contrast to mental and spiritual growth. When one is only interested in satiating their appetite for food or sex, the pleasure acquired is minuscule when compared to the acquisition of mental and spiritual growth. Thus, attaining mental and spiritual growth will bring o...