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A common healthcare acquired infection that is seen both inside and outside of the hospital is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA can have detrimental effects on the patient and is usually acquired within the hospital setting. The PICOT statement has many important aspects to include such as: population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time, which is used to produce an evidence-based question. According to Schmidt & Brown (2012), the PICOT statement is used in evidence-based practice is to make decisions about patient care based on evidence with clinical expertise appraisal and current research while also considering patient preferences and values. The PICOT statement: In patients between the ages of 30 and 70 admitted …show more content…
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), MRSA is easily transmitted from person to person or from touching materials or surfaces that had previous contact with the infection. Using the implementation of infection control along with patient education will help in the decrease of the spread and help in the prevention in MRSA as well as get patients involved in their own care. The purpose of this paper is to present the problem of MRSA as well as include the rationale and history, review the proposed solution, integrate an implementation plan, summarize the literature review, establish an implementation plan, use a nursing theory to support the implementation plan, use a change theory to support the implementation plan, discuss how the project will be evaluated, and create a dissemination …show more content…
In one of the studies healthcare workers were provided a questionnaire only 27.3% responded that no other healthcare worker had ever talked to them about MRSA (Raupach-Rosin, et. al, 2016). This study proves that healthcare workers need to be more educated on the topic of MRSA, how it spreads to the patients, and how the intervention of infection control and patient education will assist in reducing the amount of MRSA cases acquired. In one study, patients underwent a MRSA screening for nasal colonization. Out of the 29,371 patients, 3,262 had MRSA colonization. (Marzec & Bessesen, 2016). The study conducted allowed healthcare providers to see the effects of how easily MRSA is spread and how many patients could easily contract
After the end of the experiment the unknown 10 sample was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Came to this conclusion by first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria. The results of the gram stain test were cocci and purple. This indicated that the unknown bacteria were gram positive. The gram stain test eliminated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica as choices because these bacteria are gram negative. Next a Blood Agar plate was used because in order to do a MSA or a Catalase test there needs to be a colony of the bacteria. The result of the Blood Agar plate was nonhemolytic. This indicated that there was no lysis of red blood cells. By looking at the plate there was no change in the medium. Next an MSA test was done and the results showed that there was growth but no color change. This illustrates that the unkown bacteria could tolerate high salt concentration but not ferment mannitol. The MSA plate eliminated Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes as choices since the bacteria can’t grow in high salt concentration. Staphylococcus aureus could be eliminated because not only did the unknown bacteria grow but also it didn’t change color to yellow. Lastly a Catalase test was done by taking a colony from the Blood Agar plate...
In conclusion, I believe that formulating a PICOT question can be an effective way for nurses to find pertinent information quicker and easier with increased relevance to the intended subject. It can assist with finding stronger supporting evidence that can help nurses make better clinical decisions and bring about change where needed for patient safety and satisfaction. By utilizing the PICOT format, nurses can help formulate new interventions that will lead to better outcomes for the patients.
This information along with my weekly HF patient cohort prompted my curiosity regarding impacts of HF readmissions, factors of HF readmission, and to compare suggested evidence based practice with policies utilized at Union Memorial for reducing the 30-day readmission rate for HF. Hospital readmission can impact the patient, nursing practice, the hospital, and the health care system. The patient’s quality of life can be altered physically, psychologically, and economically (Whittaker, 2014) and recurrent hospitalization is a good predictor of increased risk of mortality (Hummel, Katrapati, Gillespie, DeFranco, & Koellig, 2013). Moreover, a patient in an acute care setting has an increased risk of contracting hospital-acquired infections such urinary tract infections, sepsis, C. difficile, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (medicare.gov|Hospital Compare, 2013).
Life History and Characteristics: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that is usually found in the nasal passages and on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans, but can also survive in a wide variety of locations in the body. This bacterium is spread from person to person or to fomite by direct contact. Colonies of S. aureus appear in pairs, chains, or clusters. S. aureus is not an organism that is contained to one region of the world and is a universal health concern, specifically in the food handling industries.
She should have not made the assumption that there were no doctors available until 2100 hours. Instead, she should have sought clarifications on whether the Emergency Department (ED) doctor was prevailed on examining the patient. She should’ve escalated concerns to the Clinical Nurse Manager (CNM). She also should’ve not made the assumption that the administration of antibiotic would improve the patient’s condition and “recover” her from the “red zone”. Finally, she should have documented her observations and implement a care
230) in EBP. Clinical opinion, together with the best relevant research evidence, provides the framework to for the best patient outcome. The nurse’s clinical opinion is acquired through knowledge and skills developed from undergraduate, graduate, or continuing education, clinical experience, and clinical practice (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2010). Clinical opinion also includes internal evidence, which is generated within a clinical setting from quality improvement outcomes, management initiatives or EBP implementation projects (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2010). Nurses use their clinical opinion when they identify each patient’s condition, individual risks, personal values and expectations, benefits of possible interventions, and gather evidence for EBP. When searching for the best available evidence, there is a hierarchy in the strength of evidence. The highest level of evidence usually comes from a systematic review or an evidence-based clinical practice guideline based on a systematic review. Systematic reviews provide the strongest evidence through a summary combining the results from many relevant, unbiased studies, to answer a particular clinical question. Nurses critically assess the individual studies, to gather the best evidence available for patient care. Systematic
Patient education is of paramount importance if MRSA is to be reduced to its lowest minimum. According to Noble 2009, patient’s education stands a critical component of managing MRSA therefore; nurses are expected to be prompt in educating patients on specific measures in limiting and reducing the spread of MRSA by person to person contact. (Noble, 2009) The specific measures includes definition of MRSA, mode of transmission, the damage it can do to the body, specific treatments available and the process of treatment. This is to help the patient take part in the care. Noble 2009 explains that during care giving nurses and all other healthcare provider involve in giving care to a patient should communicate to patient all the precaution that will prevent the transmission of MRSA, and also giving the scientific rationale for the use of any precaution that is been used in the cause of care giving. (Noble, 2009.)
MRSA is a major source of healthcare associated diseases, increased hospital mortality, and leading surgical site infection (Jennings, Bennett, Fisher, & Cook, 2014, p. 83). With the implementation of active surveillance screening and contact isolations program, an overall decrease in hospital associated MRSA infections has been observed (Jennings, Bennett, Fisher, & Cook, 2014, p. 83). The author of this paper will identify a theory that can be used to support the proposed intervention i.e., reduce the transmission of MRSA by active screening in patients at high-risk for MRSA on admission. This paper will then describe the selected theory, and rational for the selection, and how this theory will support the proposed solution and how to incorporate this theory in this project.
...s and measurement to decrease healthcare- associated infections. American Journal Of Infection Control, pp. S19-S25. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.008.
The internal validity is, that because nurse know they are being observed they will be more cautious on how they perform all types of procedures and not just hand washing. If the nurses are more cautious than this can have an effect on the results. Because nurses are being more cautious that might be another factor on why the numbers of hospital acquired infections are reducing. The external validity in this study is the population’s age group. This study will focus on patients ages 40-60. Because a specific age group is being studied it is not known whether this method will have the same effect on the other different age groups.
wards. Clinical Microbiology And Infection: The Official Publication Of The European Society Of Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1215-1217. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03735.x
Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection, 69(3), 204-219. Revised 01/20 Haugen, N., Galura, S., & Ulrich, S. P. (2011). Ulrich & Canale's nursing care planning guides: Prioritization, delegation, and critical thinking. Maryland Heights, Mo. : Saunders/Elsevier.
Infection control is very important in the health care profession. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, allow themselves to become susceptible to a number of infections. Among the most dreaded of these infections are: hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Another infection which has more recently increased in prevalence is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These infections are all treated differently. Each infection has its own symptoms, classifications, and incubation periods. These infections are transmitted in very similar fashions, but they do not all target the same population.
The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Program is an essential force maximizing quality, patient centered care, and safety throughout the Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System (VANTHCS). The VANTHCS “... is a progressive health care provider in the heart of Texas ... we serve more than 117,000 Veterans and deliver 1.4 million outpatient episodes of care each year to Veterans in 38 Texas counties and two counties in southern Oklahoma” (“VA North Texas,” 2016, para. 1). The purpose of the IPC Program is to guide a facility-wide approach toward identifying, preventing, controlling, and eliminating healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This approach is facilitated through infection control (IC) practitioner’s role-modeling behaviors of assessing, supporting, guiding, and/or directing healthcare providers (HCPs) in the application of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to prevent HAIs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HAIs are often preventable adverse events that pose a major threat to patient safety (“Centers for Disease,” 2016). As a result, IC practitioners recognize the importance of preparing nurse faculty to engage clinical staff in the application of EBPs to prevent infections.
The purpose of his article was to find a better way to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) and explain what could be done to make healthcare facilities safer. The main problem that Cole presented was a combination of crowded hospitals that are understaffed with bed management problems and inadequate isolation facilities, which should not be happening in this day and age (Cole, 2011). He explained the “safety culture properties” (Cole, 2011) that are associated with preventing infection in healthcare; these include justness, leadership, teamwork, evidence based practice, communication, patient centeredness, and learning. If a healthcare facility is not honest about their work and does not work together, the patient is much more likely to get injured or sick while in the