Lump-sum and Present Value Annuity
The present value of a lump sum in contrast to the present value of an annuity in particular investments payouts, compensation or contests agreements can be considered as either a lump-sum payment, or otherwise annuities payments. Nonetheless, lump-sum payments offer the full payout amount to the recipient at once, while annuities disperse payments throughout the long term. Notably, lump-sum, and annuities payments present unique disadvantages, and advantages, whereas each is proficient to diverse economic situations, and investors. In essence, annuity-holders receive a systematic regulated payout, whereas, throughout the life of the contract interest is hoarded on the continuing balance, whereas, correspondingly, investors keep their money secure by utilizing the return to neutralize inflation. Nevertheless, annuities can be procured by investors at face value, whilst over the life of the contract receive a structured payout, while turning a profit in the end. By the same token, lottery-winners, and professional athletes are frequently compensated with annuity contracts as a method of payment their monies (Ingram, 2017).
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Additionally, most financial provisions are structured as an annuities that encompasses mortgage, rent payments, retirement benefits, insurance premiums, and salaries paid. Notably, the difference between an annuity due, and an ordinary annuity lies in the timing of each payment comparative to the period the payment comprises (David R Frick & Co, CPA,
This paper explores the characteristics of traditional and Roth IRAs, as well as the similarities and differences between both. The main characteristic of both IRAs is that both are considered tax shelters—a way for individuals to receive reduced tax liability by decreasing one’s taxable income. Traditional IRA’s are called “deductible” because contributions made with earned income, up to specified limits, are fully or partially deductible from income depending upon factors such as adjusted gross income and filing status. Upon withdrawal, the money is then taxed as ordinary income. Roth IRAs are the antithesis—the money that you contribute here is already taxed at your marginal tax rate and the withdrawals are generally not taxed. Only money that is considered investment income is taxed. Because of the income limits of Roth IRAs, some individuals choose first to contribute to traditional IRAs or employer-sponsored programs and subsequently convert to a Roth IRA. For younger individuals with lower incomes, Roth IRAs seem to be the better choice based on the below research. The money is taxed at a lower rate and then contributed. As one ages, tax rates are probable to rise and the cost of contributing increases as a result. Saving in full measure, below the legal limit and beginning this process at a young age seems the best option for a enjoyable retirement in years to come.
Time value of money needs to be considered, so need to discount the future value to present value.
This way, people would be more likely to want to contribute to the program knowing that the money inserted into the account will be the same amount of money received when it is needed.
If the people use their personal accounts, the retirees will then see higher returns on their investments. As a result, will put more money in the retiree’s pockets. Martin Feldstein, stated, “A private account earning a modest 5.5% real rate of return, "someone with $50,000 of real annual earnings during his working years could accumulate enough to fund an annual payout of about $22,000 after age 67, essentially doubling the current Social Security
Time value of money (TVM) is a monetary concept that is very important to all parts of the financial world. This concept basically says that $100 today is worth more than $100 a year from now (or anytime in the future). Also, an individual should earn some value of compensation for not spending their money. This compensation is essentially called the interest that will be earned on the initial cash. What about when an individual opts to receive money in the future rather than today? That can lead to problems. This is because they are taking a gamble by loaning money- since there is almost always risk in loaning money. A couple of these risks include inflation and default risk. Default risk means that the person who borrowed the money does not repay the money to the person that loaned it. Inflation means that the general prices of products will rise. How does all this work? In theory the person that gets the $100 today could invest it, even at a very low annual percentage rate (APR), and still come out ahead. If they invest it at 2% APR, they would have $102 at the end of one year. Th...
There are extensive studies on retirement covering education in general. The findings suggest that education is an important factor in affecting retirement planning preparedness (Hogarth, 1985; Joo&Pauwels, 2002). Education enables individuals to explore more information relating to their retirement planning and that sources of information will influence their decisions, attitude and intention to do retirement planning (Hogarth, 1985; Joo&Pauwels, 2002). Also, DeVaney (1995) addressed that the effect of education level may serve as a motivator or guidance for individuals to start the preparation for retirement planning. With the increase in age and educational level, individual tends to be more motivated to work on retirement planning preparation or take some action for their retirement (DeVaney, 1995).
Investing in your future now can lead to many positive investment outcomes in the future. Some of these include traditional IRA, Roth IRA, Coverdell Education Savings account, Keogh Plan and one of the most popular, the 401 (k) Plan. All of these retirem...
Today financial corporate managers are continually asking, “What will today’s investment look like for the future health of the company? Should financial decisions be put on hold until the markets become stronger? Is it more profitable to act now to better position the company’s market share?” These are all questions that could be clearly answered if the managers had a magical financial crystal ball. In lieu of the crystal ball, managers have a way of calculating the financial risks with some certainty to better predict positive financial investment outcomes through the discounted cash flow valuation (DCF). DCF valuation is a realistic approach, a tool used, to “determine the future and present value of
External pressure from our Life Insurance partners wanted us to commit to using their services. Life Insurance had designed and implemented an accounting system a few years ago that provided wonderful functionality. This system is being used by most of the enterprise although there is no corporate mandate requiring administration areas to use it. While the functionality of this system is quite detailed and impressive, it fails to meet all of the needs of the annuity business customers. Because the annuity business requirements were quite extensive, the life insurance group could not commit to the necessary enhancements that would be required to their system to satisfy annuity users. Because of these business requirements, we then conducted an extensive analysis to determine what Annuities IT could do to satisfy the business requirements. The analysis revealed that we could build our own accounting system for only 25% of the cost of using the life insurance system.
Insurance companies also use time value of money. A structured settlement is one example. If a person owes $100,000 payable in $20,000 increments over the next five years, the present value of the settlement is less than $100,000. Therefore, the person would be better off paying the lump sum now if possible.
amount, in percentages, which is paid at regular intervals until some future specified time ( the
Title: Can You Sell Your Pension- Taking the Best Help Strictly speaking, an individual cannot sell his or her pension. However, the term “selling your pension” is generally used when an individual wants to take a good amount of cash from his or her pension fund prior to retirement. Selling ones pension is called Pension Unlocking or Pension Release and Pension Surrender as well. To be very precise, selling ones pension is in no ways an advisable move.
Present theoretical arguments for the choice of net present value as the best method of investment appraisal;
In order to understand how to deal with money the important idea to know is the time value of money. Time Value of Money (TVM) is the simple concept that a dollar that someone has now is worth more than the dollar that person will receive in the future, this is because the money that the person holds today is worth more because it can be invested and earn interest (Web Finance, Inc., 2007). The following paper will explain how annuities affect TVM problems and investment outcomes. The issues that impact TCM will also be discussed: Interest rates and compounding (with two problems), present value, future value, opportunity cost, annuities and the rule of '72.
Using the Modern Portfolio Theory, overtime risk assets will provide a higher expected rate of return, as compensation to the investors for accepting a high risk. The high risk will eventually lower collecting asset classes to the portfolio, thus reducing the volatile risk, and increasing the expected rates of return. Furthermore the purpose of this theory is to develop the most optimal investments portfolio which would yield the highest rate of return while ascertaining the risk for the individual or corporate investor.